Physiological responses of cowpea simultaneously exposed to water deficit stress and varying light intensities at vegetative and reproductive growth stages

O. Adeniyi, S. Adejumo, M. Fofana, F. Adegbehingbe
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Abstract

A combination of stresses as it occurs on the field poses more challenges to crop production than individual stress. Crops’ response to single stress also differs from that of combined stresses. The morpho-physiological responses of two cowpea varieties (IT89KD-288 and IT99K573-1-1) to a combination of stresses (water deficit stress and high light intensity) were investigated at different growth stages. Three levels of light intensities (L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55% and L1: 710.2 Lux-100%) were imposed using one, two and zero layer(s) of the net, respectively, while, water deficit stress at four levels (W1: no water stress; 0-5 bars, W2: moderate water stress; 5-15 bars, W3: moderately-severe; 15-40 bars and W4: severe water stress; 40 -70 bars) was imposed differently at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Data were collected on the cowpea yield, Leaf Temperature (LT), Chlorophyll (C), Photosynthesis (P), Stomatal Conductance (SC) and Canopy Transpiration Rate (CTR). Exposure to W4 under L1 considerably reduced cowpea yield by 80% compared to those grown under L3 and full watering. Reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea grain yield irrespective of water deficit stress and IT89KD-288 was superior to IT99K573-1-1. Reduction in light intensity also increased the SC from 55.18 in L1 to 76.88 in 36 % L3. Full light intensity without water stress (100% light intensity), increased C content, while severe water stress reduced the C content and CTR. Photosynthesis was, however, reduced under low light intensity compared to 100% light intensity. It was also observed that water deficit stress imposed at the reproductive stage did not affect P, CTR and SC unlike that of the vegetative stage. In conclusion, reduced light intensity enhanced cowpea tolerance to water deficit and increased yield. Cowpea response was dependent on growth stage, variety and severity of stress.
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不同光照条件下豇豆营养生长期和生殖生长期的生理响应
在田间发生的综合胁迫比单个胁迫对作物生产构成更大的挑战。作物对单一胁迫的反应也不同于对复合胁迫的反应。研究了2个豇豆品种IT89KD-288和IT99K573-1-1在不同生育期对亏水胁迫和强光胁迫组合的形态生理响应。3个光强水平(L3: 259 Lux- 36%, L2: 394 Lux-55%和L1: 710.2 Lux-100%)分别施加1层,2层和0层的净,而4个水平的水分亏缺胁迫(W1:无水分胁迫;0-5 bar, W2:中度水分胁迫;5-15 bar, W3:中重度;15-40 bar和W4:严重缺水;40 ~ 70 bar),在营养生长和生殖生长阶段施加不同的剂量。收集了豇豆产量、叶温、叶绿素、光合作用、气孔导度和冠层蒸腾速率的相关数据。与在L3和满水条件下生长的豇豆相比,在L1条件下暴露于W4显著降低了80%的产量。不论水分亏缺胁迫如何,降低光强均能提高豇豆籽粒产量,且IT89KD-288优于IT99K573-1-1。光强的降低也使SC从L1的55.18增加到36% L3的76.88。无水分胁迫的全光强(100%光强)提高了C含量,而重度水分胁迫降低了C含量和CTR。然而,与100%光强相比,低光强下光合作用减少。与营养期不同,生殖期水分亏缺胁迫对P、CTR和SC的影响较小。综上所述,降低光照强度增强了豇豆对水分亏缺的耐受性,提高了产量。豇豆的反应与生长阶段、品种和胁迫程度有关。
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