Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8790
S. Rafique, S. Quadri, M. Z. Abdin
The various abiotic stresses negatively influence the growth and development of plants. However, recent predictions of global climate change models have amplified the chances that plants will encounter new and more combinations of abiotic and biotic stresses. The plants adopt different strategies in combined stresses as compared to a single stress. This stress combination can be antagonist or synergistic depending on the interaction of stresses. Plants are sessile, to resists these stresses they activate defense mechanism which are complex cellular and molecular responses under combined stress conditions. At the cellular level, various kinds of biomolecules are produced that have positive and negative effects against stresses. The basic cellular process generates more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stress conditions and causes extensive damage and inhibition of photosynthesis. Various plant hormones are involved in cellular activations to adapt the plants under stressful conditions. Further, to overcome the adverse effects of stress, the plant activates several molecular cascade mechanisms involving kinases, transcription factors, micro-RNAs, heat shock proteins, epigenetic changes. Besides, plants developed a robust signal perception and transduction mechanism to cope effectively with unfavorable conditions. Phytohormone plays a crucial role in signaling that is activated in response to combined stress conditions and in individual stress which are activated in response to abiotic and biotic stress combinations. Besides, ROS is also involved in signaling. They control a broad range of biological processes and have a conserved signaling network. Therefore, the crosstalk between different signaling pathways activates defense mechanisms and helps in the survival of plants from the various combined abiotic and biotic stress conditions.
{"title":"Plant defense mechanism in combined stresses - cellular and molecular perspective","authors":"S. Rafique, S. Quadri, M. Z. Abdin","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8790","url":null,"abstract":"The various abiotic stresses negatively influence the growth and development of plants. However, recent predictions of global climate change models have amplified the chances that plants will encounter new and more combinations of abiotic and biotic stresses. The plants adopt different strategies in combined stresses as compared to a single stress. This stress combination can be antagonist or synergistic depending on the interaction of stresses. Plants are sessile, to resists these stresses they activate defense mechanism which are complex cellular and molecular responses under combined stress conditions. At the cellular level, various kinds of biomolecules are produced that have positive and negative effects against stresses. The basic cellular process generates more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stress conditions and causes extensive damage and inhibition of photosynthesis. Various plant hormones are involved in cellular activations to adapt the plants under stressful conditions. Further, to overcome the adverse effects of stress, the plant activates several molecular cascade mechanisms involving kinases, transcription factors, micro-RNAs, heat shock proteins, epigenetic changes. Besides, plants developed a robust signal perception and transduction mechanism to cope effectively with unfavorable conditions. Phytohormone plays a crucial role in signaling that is activated in response to combined stress conditions and in individual stress which are activated in response to abiotic and biotic stress combinations. Besides, ROS is also involved in signaling. They control a broad range of biological processes and have a conserved signaling network. Therefore, the crosstalk between different signaling pathways activates defense mechanisms and helps in the survival of plants from the various combined abiotic and biotic stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8851
Upma Bhatt, Vipul Anjana, Vineet Soni
Gall-induced oxidative stress impairs photosynthesis and ultimately negatively affects a plant’s productivity and yield. Cordia dichotoma is an economically important plant that suffers from galls produced by the insect Aceria gallae. So we investigated how plants deal with such biotic stress by studying chlorophyll fluorescence OJIP transient analysis. The results indicate the intensive variations in minimum-maximum fluorescence, electron transport, light-harvesting efficiency and density of active reaction centers. When reaction centers become inactive in severely infected leaves a significant rise in ABS/RC and TR/RC indicates the expanded antenna size of Photosystem-II which shows the plant's efforts to enhance photon absorption. But the electron transport was blocked due to OECs deactivation, remarkably altered ET/RC and phenomenological fluxes (ABS/CS, TR/CS and ET/CS). The J-curve distortion confirms blockage of electron transport towards PS-I since PQ is fully reduced and unable to grape electrons from QB. Leaf galls carry out noteworthy alterations in Kp, Kn, and primary and secondary photochemistry. But more severe infection causes complete obstruction for electron transport which finally diminishes performance indices (PIabs and PIcs) quantum yield of photosynthesis (φPo), and electron transport (φEo) which increases dissipation and eventually causes the death of the most severely infested leaf. Present studies reveal that measurement of FV/F0, PIabs, and PIcs may be used as a physiological marker for the early diagnosis of gall stress in C. dichotoma. Our results also suggest that repetitive detection of photosynthetic performance through chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis and a JIP-test can be used as potent tools to prevent plants from appearing the visible symptoms of any pathogenic infection.
{"title":"Efficacy of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics and JIP test for early detection of leaf-gall disease in Cordia dichotoma","authors":"Upma Bhatt, Vipul Anjana, Vineet Soni","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8851","url":null,"abstract":"Gall-induced oxidative stress impairs photosynthesis and ultimately negatively affects a plant’s productivity and yield. Cordia dichotoma is an economically important plant that suffers from galls produced by the insect Aceria gallae. So we investigated how plants deal with such biotic stress by studying chlorophyll fluorescence OJIP transient analysis. The results indicate the intensive variations in minimum-maximum fluorescence, electron transport, light-harvesting efficiency and density of active reaction centers. When reaction centers become inactive in severely infected leaves a significant rise in ABS/RC and TR/RC indicates the expanded antenna size of Photosystem-II which shows the plant's efforts to enhance photon absorption. But the electron transport was blocked due to OECs deactivation, remarkably altered ET/RC and phenomenological fluxes (ABS/CS, TR/CS and ET/CS). The J-curve distortion confirms blockage of electron transport towards PS-I since PQ is fully reduced and unable to grape electrons from QB. Leaf galls carry out noteworthy alterations in Kp, Kn, and primary and secondary photochemistry. But more severe infection causes complete obstruction for electron transport which finally diminishes performance indices (PIabs and PIcs) quantum yield of photosynthesis (φPo), and electron transport (φEo) which increases dissipation and eventually causes the death of the most severely infested leaf. Present studies reveal that measurement of FV/F0, PIabs, and PIcs may be used as a physiological marker for the early diagnosis of gall stress in C. dichotoma. Our results also suggest that repetitive detection of photosynthetic performance through chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis and a JIP-test can be used as potent tools to prevent plants from appearing the visible symptoms of any pathogenic infection.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"44 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725
B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya
Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. For this reason, they have developed some defense mechanisms. They can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting protection against diverse pathogen attacks. In recent years, several chemical inducers (salicylic acid, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, and dehydroabietic acid) have been determined to play roles in this mechanism. The transfer of these signal molecules from infected tissue to non-infected tissues through phloem provides potent defence communication. Azelaic acid is a well-known molecule that triggers salicylic acid accumulation under biotic stress as a priming factor to induce SAR, although little is known about its role under abiotic stress. Here, this review aims to call attention to the effects of AzA under abiotic stress conditions as well as biosynthesis, transport and signalling.
植物一生中会受到各种生物和非生物压力因素的影响。因此，它们发展出了一些防御机制。它们可以诱导系统获得性抗性（SAR），从而提供持久的保护，抵御各种病原体的侵袭。近年来，几种化学诱导剂（水杨酸、甘油醛-3-磷酸、壬二酸、哌啶醇酸和脱氢松香酸）已被确定在这一机制中发挥作用。这些信号分子通过韧皮部从受感染组织转移到非受感染组织，提供了有效的防御通信。壬二酸是一种众所周知的分子，它在生物胁迫下作为诱导 SAR 的启动因子引发水杨酸积累，但人们对它在非生物胁迫下的作用知之甚少。本综述旨在关注壬二酸在非生物胁迫条件下的作用以及生物合成、运输和信号传递。
{"title":"An overview on Azelaic Acid: Biosynthesis, signalling and the action under stress conditions in plants","authors":"B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. For this reason, they have developed some defense mechanisms. They can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting protection against diverse pathogen attacks. In recent years, several chemical inducers (salicylic acid, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, and dehydroabietic acid) have been determined to play roles in this mechanism. The transfer of these signal molecules from infected tissue to non-infected tissues through phloem provides potent defence communication. Azelaic acid is a well-known molecule that triggers salicylic acid accumulation under biotic stress as a priming factor to induce SAR, although little is known about its role under abiotic stress. Here, this review aims to call attention to the effects of AzA under abiotic stress conditions as well as biosynthesis, transport and signalling.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"73 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725
B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya
Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. For this reason, they have developed some defense mechanisms. They can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting protection against diverse pathogen attacks. In recent years, several chemical inducers (salicylic acid, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, and dehydroabietic acid) have been determined to play roles in this mechanism. The transfer of these signal molecules from infected tissue to non-infected tissues through phloem provides potent defence communication. Azelaic acid is a well-known molecule that triggers salicylic acid accumulation under biotic stress as a priming factor to induce SAR, although little is known about its role under abiotic stress. Here, this review aims to call attention to the effects of AzA under abiotic stress conditions as well as biosynthesis, transport and signalling.
植物一生中会受到各种生物和非生物压力因素的影响。因此，它们发展出了一些防御机制。它们可以诱导系统获得性抗性（SAR），从而提供持久的保护，抵御各种病原体的侵袭。近年来，几种化学诱导剂（水杨酸、甘油醛-3-磷酸、壬二酸、哌啶醇酸和脱氢松香酸）已被确定在这一机制中发挥作用。这些信号分子通过韧皮部从受感染组织转移到非受感染组织，提供了有效的防御通信。壬二酸是一种众所周知的分子，它在生物胁迫下作为诱导 SAR 的启动因子引发水杨酸积累，但人们对它在非生物胁迫下的作用知之甚少。本综述旨在关注壬二酸在非生物胁迫条件下的作用以及生物合成、运输和信号传递。
{"title":"An overview on Azelaic Acid: Biosynthesis, signalling and the action under stress conditions in plants","authors":"B. Dinler, Hatice Cetinkaya","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2024.v10.8725","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stress factors throughout their lives. For this reason, they have developed some defense mechanisms. They can induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting protection against diverse pathogen attacks. In recent years, several chemical inducers (salicylic acid, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, and dehydroabietic acid) have been determined to play roles in this mechanism. The transfer of these signal molecules from infected tissue to non-infected tissues through phloem provides potent defence communication. Azelaic acid is a well-known molecule that triggers salicylic acid accumulation under biotic stress as a priming factor to induce SAR, although little is known about its role under abiotic stress. Here, this review aims to call attention to the effects of AzA under abiotic stress conditions as well as biosynthesis, transport and signalling.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-28DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8606
Rawad Khalaf Hameed, Ayman Adwan Abd, Noor Maath Ahmed
Abiotic stresses reduce the production of crops by 50% which significantly affects the food security globally. Plant growth and development are affected by salinity stress, Salt stress affects about 19.5% of irrigated lands and 2.1% of drylands which is expected to rise in the future. Wheat Triticum aestivum is classified as one of the most significant crop globally besides maize and rice which significantly contribute as a part of daily calories and proteins and it ranked first for its values in domestication and staple food. The purpose of the study was to assess how well various wheat genotypes tolerated salinity under various salinity concentrations, and the varieties were (Iba99, Hadbaa, Hashmiaa, Al-Rasheed, Sham, and Rabiaa). Different NaCl concentrations were used (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and Measurements were made on germination %, shoot length, fresh weight, and dried weight. Iba99, Sham and Rabiaa were the best varieties where the seed germination was 100% and other varieties differed slightly (Hadbaa 40, Hashmiaa 80 and Al-Rasheed 60%). The growth parameters results demonstrated that all the shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights were affected by the salinity stress and the correlation was inverse. It was decreased with the NaCl concentration increase. Rabiaa and Iba99 were the more tolerant and demonstrated high growth under salinity whereas Sham showed lowest growth under salinity.
{"title":"Exploring the tolerance of Iraqi wheat varieties: Evaluating seed germination and early growth of six Iraqi wheat varieties under salinity stress","authors":"Rawad Khalaf Hameed, Ayman Adwan Abd, Noor Maath Ahmed","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8606","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stresses reduce the production of crops by 50% which significantly affects the food security globally. Plant growth and development are affected by salinity stress, Salt stress affects about 19.5% of irrigated lands and 2.1% of drylands which is expected to rise in the future. Wheat Triticum aestivum is classified as one of the most significant crop globally besides maize and rice which significantly contribute as a part of daily calories and proteins and it ranked first for its values in domestication and staple food. The purpose of the study was to assess how well various wheat genotypes tolerated salinity under various salinity concentrations, and the varieties were (Iba99, Hadbaa, Hashmiaa, Al-Rasheed, Sham, and Rabiaa). Different NaCl concentrations were used (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and Measurements were made on germination %, shoot length, fresh weight, and dried weight. Iba99, Sham and Rabiaa were the best varieties where the seed germination was 100% and other varieties differed slightly (Hadbaa 40, Hashmiaa 80 and Al-Rasheed 60%). The growth parameters results demonstrated that all the shoot lengths and fresh and dry weights were affected by the salinity stress and the correlation was inverse. It was decreased with the NaCl concentration increase. Rabiaa and Iba99 were the more tolerant and demonstrated high growth under salinity whereas Sham showed lowest growth under salinity.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"5 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136232141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8598
Maitry Roy, Sheikh Mahfuja Khatun, Lutful Hassan, Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a prime factor limiting rice growth and yield around the globe. Understanding how plants respond to P starvation is very important for breeding varieties with enhanced P uptake and use efficiency. To assess the effect of low P stress on yield and yield contributing traits, an experiment was conducted using six rice genotypes applying two treatments (optimum and deficient P conditions). Data on yield and yield attributing traits viz., days to first flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), number of total tillers/plant (NTTP), number of effective tillers/plant (NETP), panicle length (PL), 100-seed weight (100-SW) and yield per plant (YPP) were recorded. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variation among the genotypes (G), treatments (T) and G × T interaction. When compared with control, a significant reduction in yield and yield attributing traits was observed in most of the studied genotypes in response to low P stress. The highest reduction in YPP was recorded in BRRI dhan78 whereas the lowest reduction was observed in Binadhan-17. Principal component analysis revealed that the first three principal components explained 85.2% of the total variation. Yield per plant (g) showed significant positive correlation with PH, PL, NTTP and NETP whereas it showed significant negative correlation with DFF, DM and 100-SW. Based on stress tolerance indices Binadhan-17, BRRI dhan71 and BRRI dhan79 were categorized as tolerant genotypes and selected for cultivation in P deficient areas and are recommended for the genetic improvement of low P stress tolerance in rice.
{"title":"Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for low phosphorus stress tolerance","authors":"Maitry Roy, Sheikh Mahfuja Khatun, Lutful Hassan, Mohammad Anwar Hossain","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8598","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a prime factor limiting rice growth and yield around the globe. Understanding how plants respond to P starvation is very important for breeding varieties with enhanced P uptake and use efficiency. To assess the effect of low P stress on yield and yield contributing traits, an experiment was conducted using six rice genotypes applying two treatments (optimum and deficient P conditions). Data on yield and yield attributing traits viz., days to first flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), number of total tillers/plant (NTTP), number of effective tillers/plant (NETP), panicle length (PL), 100-seed weight (100-SW) and yield per plant (YPP) were recorded. Analysis of variance showed highly significant variation among the genotypes (G), treatments (T) and G × T interaction. When compared with control, a significant reduction in yield and yield attributing traits was observed in most of the studied genotypes in response to low P stress. The highest reduction in YPP was recorded in BRRI dhan78 whereas the lowest reduction was observed in Binadhan-17. Principal component analysis revealed that the first three principal components explained 85.2% of the total variation. Yield per plant (g) showed significant positive correlation with PH, PL, NTTP and NETP whereas it showed significant negative correlation with DFF, DM and 100-SW. Based on stress tolerance indices Binadhan-17, BRRI dhan71 and BRRI dhan79 were categorized as tolerant genotypes and selected for cultivation in P deficient areas and are recommended for the genetic improvement of low P stress tolerance in rice.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8595
Rayhan Ahmed, Md. Morshedul Islam, H. M. Moin Uddin Sarker, Mehedi Hasan, Md. Rakib Hossain, Akhinur Shila, Rayhan Ahammed
Soil salinity, a global environmental issue, inhibits plant development and production. Soybean is an economically important legume crop whose yield and quality are highly affected by excessive levels of salt in the root zone. A factorial experiment was conducted in a net house from October 2019 to January 2020 to evaluate the performance of three distinct soybean genotypes under varying levels of salinity stress. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three soybean cultivars, namely BINA Soybean 1, BINA Soybean 2, and BINA Soybean 4 were used in this experiment. The soil salinity treatments were 0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl, and 200 mM NaCl. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil sample was 0.91dS/m. Six seeds were sown 3 cm deep in each pot. A total of 45 pots were used in this experiment. The performance of each variety was evaluated based on its germination percentage, time of germination, no. of branches/plant, no. of leaves/plant, no. of flowers/plant, plant height (cm), no. of pods/plant, pod length (cm), seeds/pod, and root length (cm). Based on the results obtained from this research trial, it can be inferred that the BINA Soybean 2 variety along with 0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl, and 100 mM NaCl treatments exhibited superior performance in all parameters compared to the other varieties. This study provides clear evidence that the soybean, particularly the BINA Soybean 2 variety, holds significant promise as a crop suitable for coastal regions. Furthermore, it suggests that the cultivation of soybeans in such areas could potentially enhance agricultural productivity, particularly in the presence of mild saline conditions. Nevertheless, it exhibits limited growth potential in environments with elevated salinity levels.
土壤盐度是一个全球性的环境问题，它抑制了植物的发育和生产。大豆是一种经济上重要的豆科作物，其产量和品质受到根区盐含量过高的严重影响。本试验于2019年10月至2020年1月在净屋进行了因子试验，以评估3种不同基因型大豆在不同盐度胁迫下的生产性能。试验采用完全随机设计(CRD)， 3个重复。试验选用BINA大豆1号、BINA大豆2号和BINA大豆4号3个大豆品种。土壤盐分处理分别为0 mM NaCl、50 mM NaCl、100 mM NaCl、150 mM NaCl和200 mM NaCl。土壤样品电导率(EC)为0.91dS/m。每盆播种6粒种子，深3cm。本试验共使用45盆。每个品种的性能评估是基于其发芽率,发芽,没有。对于树枝/植物，没有。叶子/植物，没有。花/株数，株高(cm)，无。豆荚/植物，豆荚长度(厘米)，种子/豆荚，根长度(厘米)。从试验结果可以推断，BINA大豆2号品种在0 mM、50 mM和100 mM NaCl处理下，各项指标均优于其他品种。这项研究提供了明确的证据，表明大豆，特别是BINA大豆2号品种，作为一种适合沿海地区的作物具有重要的前景。此外，研究还表明，在这些地区种植大豆可能会提高农业生产率，特别是在轻度盐水条件下。然而，它在盐度升高的环境中表现出有限的生长潜力。
{"title":"Morphological responses of three contrasting Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) genotypes under different levels of salinity stress in the coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Rayhan Ahmed, Md. Morshedul Islam, H. M. Moin Uddin Sarker, Mehedi Hasan, Md. Rakib Hossain, Akhinur Shila, Rayhan Ahammed","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8595","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity, a global environmental issue, inhibits plant development and production. Soybean is an economically important legume crop whose yield and quality are highly affected by excessive levels of salt in the root zone. A factorial experiment was conducted in a net house from October 2019 to January 2020 to evaluate the performance of three distinct soybean genotypes under varying levels of salinity stress. The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three soybean cultivars, namely BINA Soybean 1, BINA Soybean 2, and BINA Soybean 4 were used in this experiment. The soil salinity treatments were 0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl, 100 mM NaCl, 150 mM NaCl, and 200 mM NaCl. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil sample was 0.91dS/m. Six seeds were sown 3 cm deep in each pot. A total of 45 pots were used in this experiment. The performance of each variety was evaluated based on its germination percentage, time of germination, no. of branches/plant, no. of leaves/plant, no. of flowers/plant, plant height (cm), no. of pods/plant, pod length (cm), seeds/pod, and root length (cm). Based on the results obtained from this research trial, it can be inferred that the BINA Soybean 2 variety along with 0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl, and 100 mM NaCl treatments exhibited superior performance in all parameters compared to the other varieties. This study provides clear evidence that the soybean, particularly the BINA Soybean 2 variety, holds significant promise as a crop suitable for coastal regions. Furthermore, it suggests that the cultivation of soybeans in such areas could potentially enhance agricultural productivity, particularly in the presence of mild saline conditions. Nevertheless, it exhibits limited growth potential in environments with elevated salinity levels.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8459
Mohammad Abul Monsur, Sharmaine C. Biñas, Shashika Neranjan Herath, Israel Dave V. Ambita, Zarin Tasnim, I. Pangga, C. Cumagun
Biological control measures are indispensable to sustain global food security, due to it being economically profitable and environmentally sound. A comparative study was conducted to know the effectiveness of biological control measures compared with contact fungicide. Trichoderma spp. based bio fungicides Bioquick and Biospark were applied as preventive measures and contact fungicide as a curative measure for controlling sheath blight disease in rice varieties BR 71 and IR 24. Biospark and Bioquick were applied before disease development while, contact fungicide was used after the initiation of sheath blight disease. At the early stage of disease development, the effect of Bioquick, Biospark, and fungicide in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height and percent tiller infection are comparable. At 14 DAI and 18 DAI, contact fungicide performed best among the three control measures based on the two parameters. The genotypes of the rice accessions used in the study also appeared to be a factor in disease development, as evidenced by higher horizontal and vertical disease severity in BR71 than in IR24. Between comparison of Bioquick and Biospark in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height, percent tiller infection, and percent disease control, appeared to be higher in Biospark in both varieties. From this study, we can conclude that farmers can use Biospark as a biofungicide to get maximum benefit considering rice yield and ecology. However, its efficacy is slightly lower than chemical fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease of rice.
{"title":"Comparative study between biological and chemical agents for control sheath blight disease of rice","authors":"Mohammad Abul Monsur, Sharmaine C. Biñas, Shashika Neranjan Herath, Israel Dave V. Ambita, Zarin Tasnim, I. Pangga, C. Cumagun","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8459","url":null,"abstract":"Biological control measures are indispensable to sustain global food security, due to it being economically profitable and environmentally sound. A comparative study was conducted to know the effectiveness of biological control measures compared with contact fungicide. Trichoderma spp. based bio fungicides Bioquick and Biospark were applied as preventive measures and contact fungicide as a curative measure for controlling sheath blight disease in rice varieties BR 71 and IR 24. Biospark and Bioquick were applied before disease development while, contact fungicide was used after the initiation of sheath blight disease. At the early stage of disease development, the effect of Bioquick, Biospark, and fungicide in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height and percent tiller infection are comparable. At 14 DAI and 18 DAI, contact fungicide performed best among the three control measures based on the two parameters. The genotypes of the rice accessions used in the study also appeared to be a factor in disease development, as evidenced by higher horizontal and vertical disease severity in BR71 than in IR24. Between comparison of Bioquick and Biospark in terms of reducing percent relative lesion height, percent tiller infection, and percent disease control, appeared to be higher in Biospark in both varieties. From this study, we can conclude that farmers can use Biospark as a biofungicide to get maximum benefit considering rice yield and ecology. However, its efficacy is slightly lower than chemical fungicides for controlling sheath blight disease of rice.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129337557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8391
A. W. Ojewumi, M. O. Keshinro, L. F. Mabinuori, S. Makinde
The growth performance of vegetables is influenced by water availability. This study explored the use of proline as an osmoregulator on growth, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzyme activities in water-stressed Solanum aethiopicum. Seedlings of the vegetable were subjected to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% proline against droughted and well-watered. Morphological and physiological characters, nutritional compositions and oxidative activities were determined in the vegetable. Plant height (20.37 cm), number of leaves (35.75 cm), Leaf area (347.55 m2), specific leaf area (72.02 m2 g-1), leaf area index (0.71 m2 m-2) relative growth rate (0.21 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (0.058 mg g-1 day-1) and leaf area ratio (0.19 m2 g-1) were higher in S. aethiopicum seedlings sprayed with 100% proline. Crude fat (0.11%), ash (1.57%), crude fibre (1.49%), crude protein (2.44%) and carbohydrate (3.50%) were higher in the leaves of the vegetable sprayed with 100% proline. Higher vitamin A (84.21 mg/100 g), vitamin B3 (0.56 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (10.97 mg/100 g) were observed in the leaves of the vegetable under 100% proline. Furthermore, sodium (8.93 mg/100 g), potassium (402.20 mg/100 g), calcium (121.55 mg/100 g) and magnesium (58.80 mg/100 g) were recorded in the leaves of well-watered. Higher SOD (0.88 mg g-1), APX (0.95 mg g-1), CAT (0.98 mg g-1), GR (0.96 ug g-1) and GST (14.52 mg g-1) were observed in the roots of S. aethiopicum droughted. Although all the proline levels sustained growth components, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzymes of S. aethiopicum under water stress, however, 100% proline produced better ameliorative effects.
{"title":"Oxidative defense mechanisms of proline on growth, nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities in water-stressed Solanum aethiopicum L.","authors":"A. W. Ojewumi, M. O. Keshinro, L. F. Mabinuori, S. Makinde","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2023.v9.8391","url":null,"abstract":"The growth performance of vegetables is influenced by water availability. This study explored the use of proline as an osmoregulator on growth, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzyme activities in water-stressed Solanum aethiopicum. Seedlings of the vegetable were subjected to 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% proline against droughted and well-watered. Morphological and physiological characters, nutritional compositions and oxidative activities were determined in the vegetable. Plant height (20.37 cm), number of leaves (35.75 cm), Leaf area (347.55 m2), specific leaf area (72.02 m2 g-1), leaf area index (0.71 m2 m-2) relative growth rate (0.21 mg g-1 day-1), net assimilation rate (0.058 mg g-1 day-1) and leaf area ratio (0.19 m2 g-1) were higher in S. aethiopicum seedlings sprayed with 100% proline. Crude fat (0.11%), ash (1.57%), crude fibre (1.49%), crude protein (2.44%) and carbohydrate (3.50%) were higher in the leaves of the vegetable sprayed with 100% proline. Higher vitamin A (84.21 mg/100 g), vitamin B3 (0.56 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (10.97 mg/100 g) were observed in the leaves of the vegetable under 100% proline. Furthermore, sodium (8.93 mg/100 g), potassium (402.20 mg/100 g), calcium (121.55 mg/100 g) and magnesium (58.80 mg/100 g) were recorded in the leaves of well-watered. Higher SOD (0.88 mg g-1), APX (0.95 mg g-1), CAT (0.98 mg g-1), GR (0.96 ug g-1) and GST (14.52 mg g-1) were observed in the roots of S. aethiopicum droughted. Although all the proline levels sustained growth components, nutritional compositions and oxidative enzymes of S. aethiopicum under water stress, however, 100% proline produced better ameliorative effects.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133249556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7348
Laureta Olayemi, S. Agele, Adejobi Adejobi, P. Aiyelari
In the present study, morphological and physiological responses of cocoa provenances to watering regimes under screen house conditions and the implications of the measured variables as drought tolerance strategy in Theobroma was discussed. A 4 by 3 factorial scheme involving four cacao provenances and watering regimes (well watering at full field capacity, 60 and 40% field capacity: 1.5, 0.9 and 0.6 L/plant at each watering event) the cocoa genotypes evaluated are PA 150 Series (the elite varieties), F3 Amazon and Amelonado. Observations were made on the morphological and physiological traits of seedlings of the cacao genotypes affected by watering regimes. The measured variables were deployed to rank the drought performance of cacao genotypes following nursery desiccation studies. Data on root and shoot biomass, water use, stomatal conductance, proline, water soluble carbohydrate and leaf chlorophyll concentrations of cacao seedlings were collected. The results showed that root zone moisture status affected the morphological and physiological characteristics of cacao provenances. Differences were obtained in root and shoot biomass, water use, the densities of stomatal and its conductance of gases, and the concentrations of leaf chlorophyll, and shoot and leaf proline and water soluble carbohydrates among the watering regimes imposed. Cacao provenances evaluated also differed in their responses to watering regimes and in morphological and physiological characters. The imposed root zone moisture scenarios elicited differences in the responses of cacao provenances evaluated. Most of the measured morphological and physiological variables were driven by root zone moisture status among cacao provenances, the measured traits appeared to have played important roles as root zone moisture deficit stress tolerance mechanisms in cacao. Seedlings of cocoa provenances had better vigour of growth when grown under 100 and 60% field capacity watering compared with 40% FC. Adequacy of soil moisture promotes growth and physiological functions in the seedlings of cacao provenances tested. The measured morpho-physiological variables were statistically superior under well watered situations (100% FC) compared with the 40% FC. The results confirmed that cocoa seedlings cannot withstand soil moisture deficit stress as was obtained for seedlings that were watered with 40% FC. It is recommended that watering cacao seedlings at full field capacity (FC) and at 70% FC (mild root zone moisture stress) will ensure the production of vigorous seedlings of cacao in the nursery.
{"title":"Effects of watering regime on the morphological, physiological and functional traits of seedlings of cacao provenances under screen house conditions","authors":"Laureta Olayemi, S. Agele, Adejobi Adejobi, P. Aiyelari","doi":"10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpsp.2022.v8.7348","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, morphological and physiological responses of cocoa provenances to watering regimes under screen house conditions and the implications of the measured variables as drought tolerance strategy in Theobroma was discussed. A 4 by 3 factorial scheme involving four cacao provenances and watering regimes (well watering at full field capacity, 60 and 40% field capacity: 1.5, 0.9 and 0.6 L/plant at each watering event) the cocoa genotypes evaluated are PA 150 Series (the elite varieties), F3 Amazon and Amelonado. Observations were made on the morphological and physiological traits of seedlings of the cacao genotypes affected by watering regimes. The measured variables were deployed to rank the drought performance of cacao genotypes following nursery desiccation studies. Data on root and shoot biomass, water use, stomatal conductance, proline, water soluble carbohydrate and leaf chlorophyll concentrations of cacao seedlings were collected. The results showed that root zone moisture status affected the morphological and physiological characteristics of cacao provenances. Differences were obtained in root and shoot biomass, water use, the densities of stomatal and its conductance of gases, and the concentrations of leaf chlorophyll, and shoot and leaf proline and water soluble carbohydrates among the watering regimes imposed. Cacao provenances evaluated also differed in their responses to watering regimes and in morphological and physiological characters. The imposed root zone moisture scenarios elicited differences in the responses of cacao provenances evaluated. Most of the measured morphological and physiological variables were driven by root zone moisture status among cacao provenances, the measured traits appeared to have played important roles as root zone moisture deficit stress tolerance mechanisms in cacao. Seedlings of cocoa provenances had better vigour of growth when grown under 100 and 60% field capacity watering compared with 40% FC. Adequacy of soil moisture promotes growth and physiological functions in the seedlings of cacao provenances tested. The measured morpho-physiological variables were statistically superior under well watered situations (100% FC) compared with the 40% FC. The results confirmed that cocoa seedlings cannot withstand soil moisture deficit stress as was obtained for seedlings that were watered with 40% FC. It is recommended that watering cacao seedlings at full field capacity (FC) and at 70% FC (mild root zone moisture stress) will ensure the production of vigorous seedlings of cacao in the nursery.","PeriodicalId":366282,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Stress Physiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132944191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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