Social ecology of resilience and Sumud of Palestinians

Mohammad Marie, B. Hannigan, Aled Jones
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引用次数: 42

Abstract

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of theoretical perspectives and practical research knowledge in relation to ‘resilience’, the resilience of Palestinians in particular and the related concept of ‘Sumud’. ‘Sumud’ is a Palestinian idea that is interwoven with ideas of personal and collective resilience and steadfastness. It is also a socio-political concept and refers to ways of surviving in the context of occupation, chronic adversity, lack of resources and limited infrastructure. The concept of ‘resilience’ has deep roots, going back at least to the 10th century when Arabic scholars suggested strategies to cope with life adversity. In Europe, research into resilience extends back to the 1800s. The understanding of resilience has developed over four overlapping waves. These focus on individual traits, protective factors, ecological assets and (in the current wave) social ecological factors. The current wave of resilience research focuses on the contribution of cultural contextualisation and is an approach that is discussed in this article, which draws on Arabic and English language literature located through a search of multiple databases (CINAHL, British Nursing Index, ASSIA, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE). Findings suggest that ‘Sumud’ is linked to the surrounding cultural context and can be thought of as an innovative, social ecological, approach to promoting resilience. We show that resilience is a prerequisite to ‘Sumud’, meaning that the individual has to be resilient in order to stay and not to leave their place, position or community. We close by pressing the case for studies which investigate resilience especially in underdeveloped countries such as Palestine (occupied Palestinian territories), and which reveal how resilience is embedded in pre-existing cultural contexts.
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恢复力的社会生态和巴勒斯坦人的Sumud
本文的目的是概述与“复原力”有关的理论观点和实践研究知识,特别是巴勒斯坦人的复原力以及相关的“Sumud”概念。“Sumud”是一种巴勒斯坦的观念,它与个人和集体的韧性和坚定的观念交织在一起。它也是一个社会政治概念,指的是在占领、长期逆境、缺乏资源和有限基础设施的背景下生存的方式。“适应力”的概念源远流长,至少可以追溯到10世纪,当时阿拉伯学者提出了应对生活逆境的策略。在欧洲,对适应力的研究可以追溯到19世纪。对弹性的理解是在四个重叠的浪潮中发展起来的。这些主要集中在个体特征、保护因素、生态资产和(在当前浪潮中)社会生态因素。当前的弹性研究浪潮集中在文化语境化的贡献上,这是本文讨论的一种方法,它通过搜索多个数据库(CINAHL,英国护理指数,ASSIA, MEDLINE, PsycINFO和EMBASE)来利用阿拉伯语和英语文献。研究结果表明,“Sumud”与周围的文化背景有关,可以被认为是一种创新的、社会生态的、促进复原力的方法。我们表明,适应力是“Sumud”的先决条件,这意味着个人必须有适应力才能留下来,而不是离开他们的地方、职位或社区。最后,我们提出了一些研究弹性的案例,特别是在巴勒斯坦(被占领的巴勒斯坦领土)等不发达国家,这些研究揭示了弹性如何嵌入到已有的文化背景中。
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