Prostate Cancer: Review based on Pathogenesis and Advancements in Treatment Strategies of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

The frequency of prostate cancer varies worldwide. Western people are more prone to this disease. Genetic changes and inflammation are the two most common causes of pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma. Genes taking part in progression of prostate cancer including GSTP1, RNASEL, PTEN/MXi1, AR gene pathway including PI3/AKT also leads to prostate cancer. Besides genes, inflammation, elevated VEGF, diet, environmental changes, and alteration in the androgen receptor are predisposing aspect for prostate cancer. The development of science and technology had led to astonishing modifications in treatment strategies. It is a slow-growing tumor and confined to the prostate only. The key objective of treatment is to reduce the level of testosterone. Different approaches are employed for treatment including hormonal therapy, cryosurgery, anti-tumor medication, and receptor-based treatment in which androgen receptors are major targets. The latest treatment of prostate cancer includes nanoparticle targeted delivery of antiandrogens.