The effect of El Nino on trypanosome infection in cattle in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A retrospective field report

Tanzania Veterinary Journal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI:10.4314/TVJ.V28I2

R. Fyumagwa, D. Mpanduji

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Abstract

A retrospective study was carried out to assess the effect of El Nino on trypanosome infection in cattle. Trypanosome infection was monitored in free grazing dairy cattle before and after El Nino in Dar es Salaam. The study involved 49 smallholder dairy herds with a total of 570 dairy cattle. Trypanosomes were identified by microscopic examination of Giemsa- stained blood smears. The rate of trypanosome infection after El Nino in each location with figures before El Nino in brackets were 24.8% (8.0%) in Makongo juu, 28.0% (8.7%) in Madale, 35.6% (14.9%) in Bunju, and 0.5% (4.9%) in Beach areas. The results also indicated that cattle exposure to tsetse challenge was higher in high altitude parts of Dar es Salaam compared to low-lying areas after El Nino. The observation suggests that El Nino phenomenon influenced tsetse redistribution in many tsetse endemic areas and the increase in infection rate after El Nino was a result of increase in tsetse fly population. It is recommended that the effect of weather changes be taken into consideration when offering animal health and extension services on trypanosomosis control. Key words : Dar es Salaam, El Nino, dairy cattle, trypanosomes, tsetse fly

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厄尔尼诺现象对坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆牛中锥虫感染的影响:回顾性实地报告

回顾性研究了厄尔尼诺现象对牛锥虫感染的影响。在达累斯萨拉姆监测了厄尔尼诺前后自由放牧奶牛的锥虫感染情况。该研究涉及49个小奶牛群，共570头奶牛。用吉氏染色血涂片镜检发现锥虫。El Nino后各地区锥虫感染率分别为:马孔戈区24.8%(8.0%)、马代尔区28.0%(8.7%)、文州区35.6%(14.9%)、海滩区0.5%(4.9%)。结果还表明，厄尔尼诺现象发生后，达累斯萨拉姆高海拔地区的牛接触采采蝇的风险高于低洼地区。观察结果表明，厄尔尼诺现象影响了许多采采蝇流行区采采蝇的再分布，厄尔尼诺现象后采采蝇种群数量增加是采采蝇感染率上升的原因。建议在提供控制锥虫病的动物卫生和推广服务时考虑天气变化的影响。关键词:达累斯萨拉姆，厄尔尼诺，奶牛，锥虫，采采蝇

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Tanzania Veterinary Journal

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