Mpwapwa cattle, a Tanzanian composite dual-purpose breed which was established in 1960s is suitable for medium to low input production systems, but is faced with limited country-wide distribution. The aim of this study was to assess the productive and reproductive performances of Mpwapwa cattle breed and its crosses reared at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI). Retrospective data on age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), pregnancy percentage (PP), lactation length (LL), average milk yield per day (AMYD) and total lactation milk yield (TLMY) obtained from 295 cows with the total of 885 lactations during five consecutive years (2015-2019) were analyzed. Overall mean of AFC, CI, PP, LL, AMYD and TLMY were 38.5±5.9 months, 19.92±5.64 months, 29.1%±14.4%, 237.72±71.20 days, 2.65±1.12 liters and 667.18±397.11 liters, respectively. The results of AFC, CI, LL and TLMY showed significance difference (p < 0.05) between Mpwapwa breed cattle and its crosses except for PP which did not show significance difference (p > 0.05). The results shows that reproductive and productive performance of Mpwapwa breed cattle and its crossbred cows was lower compared to the breeding goal of this breed. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate factors required to improve reproductive and productive performances to meet the intended objectives of establishing Mpwapwa Breed
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Productive and Reproductive Performance between Mpwapwa Breed Cattle and Their Crosses","authors":"M.M. Mabruck, I. Kashoma","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v37i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v37i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Mpwapwa cattle, a Tanzanian composite dual-purpose breed which was established in 1960s is suitable for medium to low input production systems, but is faced with limited country-wide distribution. The aim of this study was to assess the productive and reproductive performances of Mpwapwa cattle breed and its crosses reared at Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI). Retrospective data on age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), pregnancy percentage (PP), lactation length (LL), average milk yield per day (AMYD) and total lactation milk yield (TLMY) obtained from 295 cows with the total of 885 lactations during five consecutive years (2015-2019) were analyzed. Overall mean of AFC, CI, PP, LL, AMYD and TLMY were 38.5±5.9 months, 19.92±5.64 months, 29.1%±14.4%, 237.72±71.20 days, 2.65±1.12 liters and 667.18±397.11 liters, respectively. The results of AFC, CI, LL and TLMY showed significance difference (p < 0.05) between Mpwapwa breed cattle and its crosses except for PP which did not show significance difference (p > 0.05). The results shows that reproductive and productive performance of Mpwapwa breed cattle and its crossbred cows was lower compared to the breeding goal of this breed. Therefore, it is recommended to investigate factors required to improve reproductive and productive performances to meet the intended objectives of establishing Mpwapwa Breed","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133811801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reproductive cycle of Small East African (SEA) goats in the tropics is characterized by a reduced fertility rate during the dry season. The reduced fertility rate has a negative impact on livestock sector development and the livelihood of rural communities. The current study was conducted to evaluate ovarian morphometric parameters and follicular atresia during dry and wet seasons. A total of 90 apparently healthy adult goats from Morogoro region in Tanzania brought for slaughter at Morogoro Municipal slaughterhouse were randomly selected for the study. Following the slaughter both left and right ovaries were collected for gross and histomorphological analysis. The results of morphometric analysis found that, length of right ovary was significantly higher than that of the left (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles during the dry season when compared to the wet season (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the reduced fertility rate in the SEA goat during the dry season could be contributed by an increased rate of follicular atresia
{"title":"Cross Sectional Study of Small East African Goat Ovarian Morphology During Wet and Dry Seasons","authors":"J.A. Ngou, W. Kimaro","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v37i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v37i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive cycle of Small East African (SEA) goats in the tropics is characterized by a reduced fertility rate during the dry season. The reduced fertility rate has a negative impact on livestock sector development and the livelihood of rural communities. The current study was conducted to evaluate ovarian morphometric parameters and follicular atresia during dry and wet seasons. A total of 90 apparently healthy adult goats from Morogoro region in Tanzania brought for slaughter at Morogoro Municipal slaughterhouse were randomly selected for the study. Following the slaughter both left and right ovaries were collected for gross and histomorphological analysis. The results of morphometric analysis found that, length of right ovary was significantly higher than that of the left (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles during the dry season when compared to the wet season (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the reduced fertility rate in the SEA goat during the dry season could be contributed by an increased rate of follicular atresia","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127056124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with economic drawbacks worldwide. Livestock wet-markets are known premises for human-animal interaction, livestock products consumption and live animal trades in village setups. However, the contribution of wet-market procedures and the knowledge of stakeholders towards zoonotic diseases are not well documented. The present study assessed the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in on-sale ruminants, knowledge of stakeholders on the disease and practices favoring disease transmission so as to generate evidence-based disease transmission risk at wet-markets. A cross sectional study involved collection of 496 blood samples from cattle, goats and sheep in wet-markets in Maswa district, Tanzania. Sera were harvested and tested for brucellosis using fluorescent polarization assay. Structured questionnaire about the epidemiology and control of brucellosis was administered to 400 wet-market stakeholders. Data were analyzed by computing descriptive statistics. The sero-prevalences of 11.2% (95% CI: 7.6 – 15.8) in cattle, 3.92% (95% CI: 1.1 – 9.7) in sheep and 1.39% (95% CI: 0.2 – 4.9) in goats were recorded. Un-screened ruminants from different herds were mixed during auction. Sold animals moved to different destinations while un-sold ones returned home. Interview results revealed that 91% of respondents had low knowledge about brucellosis. The mean knowledge score on index-summated scale was 18.2%. The results imply that wet markets are a risk epicenter for transmission of brucellosis and stakeholders are not informed about it. It is recommended that wet-markets be brucellosis surveillance points and strategies for brucellosis control should consider an awareness and training package to the community
{"title":"Sero-prevalence of brucellosis in ruminants and awareness of stakeholders on the disease in wet markets in Maswa district, Tanzania","authors":"J.M. Kawamala, A. M. Lupindu","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v37i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v37i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with economic drawbacks worldwide. Livestock wet-markets are known premises for human-animal interaction, livestock products consumption and live animal trades in village setups. However, the contribution of wet-market procedures and the knowledge of stakeholders towards zoonotic diseases are not well documented. The present study assessed the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in on-sale ruminants, knowledge of stakeholders on the disease and practices favoring disease transmission so as to generate evidence-based disease transmission risk at wet-markets. A cross sectional study involved collection of 496 blood samples from cattle, goats and sheep in wet-markets in Maswa district, Tanzania. Sera were harvested and tested for brucellosis using fluorescent polarization assay. Structured questionnaire about the epidemiology and control of brucellosis was administered to 400 wet-market stakeholders. Data were analyzed by computing descriptive statistics. The sero-prevalences of 11.2% (95% CI: 7.6 – 15.8) in cattle, 3.92% (95% CI: 1.1 – 9.7) in sheep and 1.39% (95% CI: 0.2 – 4.9) in goats were recorded. Un-screened ruminants from different herds were mixed during auction. Sold animals moved to different destinations while un-sold ones returned home. Interview results revealed that 91% of respondents had low knowledge about brucellosis. The mean knowledge score on index-summated scale was 18.2%. The results imply that wet markets are a risk epicenter for transmission of brucellosis and stakeholders are not informed about it. It is recommended that wet-markets be brucellosis surveillance points and strategies for brucellosis control should consider an awareness and training package to the community","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wild-animals can act as reservoirs for resistant bacteria and transfer of resistance genes in the environment. These genes can spread to livestock and human either directly by transmission of shared resistant bacteria, or by horizontal gene-transfer to environmental bacteria. To ascertain at what extent wild-animals carry resistance genes, eight faecal samples from buffalo, zebra and wildebeest from Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) and Mikumi National Park (MNP), and four control samples from local zebu cattle grazing together with wildlife in NCA. The qPCR was carried on 14 antimicrobial resistance genes including tetracycline (tet(A), tet(B), 93 tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W), macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (ermB, ermF), sulphonamide (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV) and glycopeptide (vanA). Samples from NCA, both wildlife and cattle were positive for 8 out of 14 resistance genes. The most prevalent genes were tet(W) and blaCMY-2 with the latter being of concern in encoding ESBL-type resistance. Three samples from Buffalo not interacting with cattle in MNP, were positive for tet(W) and blaCMY-2, and in addition for sulI. This suggests that wild ungulates on savannah, irrespective of contact with cattle, may constitute a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Further studies are indicated to determine resistance gene-pool among wildlife animals
{"title":"Quantification of antibiotic resistance genes in wildlife ungulates in Ngorongoro Conservation area and Mikumi National Park, Tanzania","authors":"A. Katakweba, J. E. Olsen","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v36i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v36i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wild-animals can act as reservoirs for resistant bacteria and transfer of resistance genes in the environment. These genes can spread to livestock and human either directly by transmission of shared resistant bacteria, or by horizontal gene-transfer to environmental bacteria. To ascertain at what extent wild-animals carry resistance genes, eight faecal samples from buffalo, zebra and wildebeest from Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) and Mikumi National Park (MNP), and four control samples from local zebu cattle grazing together with wildlife in NCA. The qPCR was carried on 14 antimicrobial resistance genes including tetracycline (tet(A), tet(B), 93 tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W), macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B (ermB, ermF), sulphonamide (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV) and glycopeptide (vanA). Samples from NCA, both wildlife and cattle were positive for 8 out of 14 resistance genes. The most prevalent genes were tet(W) and blaCMY-2 with the latter being of concern in encoding ESBL-type resistance. Three samples from Buffalo not interacting with cattle in MNP, were positive for tet(W) and blaCMY-2, and in addition for sulI. This suggests that wild ungulates on savannah, irrespective of contact with cattle, may constitute a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Further studies are indicated to determine resistance gene-pool among wildlife animals","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"24 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114032575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study was to assess if a designed prostaglandin (PGF2α)-protocol when used against natural mating (NM) in well-managed Mpwapwa cattle would improve pregnancy rates during the breeding season. Of the PGF2α oestrus synchronization protocols, a standard 14-day PGF2α protocol accompanied with fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was tested against NM. Totals of 39 and 49 cows became pregnant in the FTAI and NM groups respectively following completion of the study of 100 cows for each group. Statistically, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P=0.21), even though there was a lower risk of pregnancy in the FTAI group compared to the NM group (unadjusted relative risk: 0.8, 95%CI: 0.58-1.09). The results from this study suggest that PGF2α–based synchronization protocol and FTAI, especially when combined with NM in Mpwapwa breed cattle, can yield better reproductive performance and enhance greater genetic improvement compared to being naturally serviced. Few cows (only 10/100 cows) displayed behavioural oestrus signs after receiving the first PGF2α injection. The poor oestrus response might be due to either ineffective detection of oestrus or cows lacked a responsive corpus luteum (CL) at the time of synchronisation. Therefore, this might reflect a large number of cows to have been in anoestrus. Further investigation on the reproductive status and performance of Mpwapwa cows is needed to identify the effects of anoestrus
{"title":"Comparison of Fixed-time Artificial Insemination and Natural Mating on Pregnancy rates in Mpwapwa Breed Cattle","authors":"K. T. Kabuni, D. F. Masao, R. Laven, T. Parkinson","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v36i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v36i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to assess if a designed prostaglandin (PGF2α)-protocol when used against natural mating (NM) in well-managed Mpwapwa cattle would improve pregnancy rates during the breeding season. Of the PGF2α oestrus synchronization protocols, a standard 14-day PGF2α protocol accompanied with fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was tested against NM. Totals of 39 and 49 cows became pregnant in the FTAI and NM groups respectively following completion of the study of 100 cows for each group. Statistically, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P=0.21), even though there was a lower risk of pregnancy in the FTAI group compared to the NM group (unadjusted relative risk: 0.8, 95%CI: 0.58-1.09). The results from this study suggest that PGF2α–based synchronization protocol and FTAI, especially when combined with NM in Mpwapwa breed cattle, can yield better reproductive performance and enhance greater genetic improvement compared to being naturally serviced. Few cows (only 10/100 cows) displayed behavioural oestrus signs after receiving the first PGF2α injection. The poor oestrus response might be due to either ineffective detection of oestrus or cows lacked a responsive corpus luteum (CL) at the time of synchronisation. Therefore, this might reflect a large number of cows to have been in anoestrus. Further investigation on the reproductive status and performance of Mpwapwa cows is needed to identify the effects of anoestrus","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133498832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ogunpaimo, H. Ojoawo, O. R. Ogunpaimo, M. Wheto, A. Adebambo, O. A. Adebambo
The study was carried out as part of efforts to improve the performance of the Nigerian indigenous chicken and improve potentials of indigenous broiler strains to provide higher quality of meat at a reduced cost. The study compared the growth and feeding traits of three different chicken crossbreds with the generated lines of Improved Nigerian indigenous broiler (FUNAAB-Alpha) using the Arbor Acre broiler as the experimental control. Males of three broiler breeds types (Kuroiler, Sasso and Arbo Acre) were mated with a total of 120 improved Nigerian indigenous pullets (FUNAAB-Alpha) to generate 360 crossbred broilers. 120 each of Arbor Acre and FUNAAB-Alpha improved line were also reared in a separate pen for comparison. Growth performance, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of all the chicken breeds were recorded for 8 weeks and compared. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis with consideration of the effect of breeds, sex and its interaction. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) influence of the breeds on the traits across all ages. FUNAAB-Alpha broiler consumed the least quantity of feed/bird/day followed by the Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha crossbred throughout the period of the experiment. However, Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha chicken had the highest mean value for body weight and other linear body parameters among the crossbreds. Despite of the improvements achieved in FUNAAB-Alpha crosses, there is a need for further analysis and research in order to achieve the maximum potential of the improved broiler strain
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Improved Nigerian Indigenous Broiler and Different Crossbreds","authors":"O. Ogunpaimo, H. Ojoawo, O. R. Ogunpaimo, M. Wheto, A. Adebambo, O. A. Adebambo","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v36i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v36i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out as part of efforts to improve the performance of the Nigerian indigenous chicken and improve potentials of indigenous broiler strains to provide higher quality of meat at a reduced cost. The study compared the growth and feeding traits of three different chicken crossbreds with the generated lines of Improved Nigerian indigenous broiler (FUNAAB-Alpha) using the Arbor Acre broiler as the experimental control. Males of three broiler breeds types (Kuroiler, Sasso and Arbo Acre) were mated with a total of 120 improved Nigerian indigenous pullets (FUNAAB-Alpha) to generate 360 crossbred broilers. 120 each of Arbor Acre and FUNAAB-Alpha improved line were also reared in a separate pen for comparison. Growth performance, feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency of all the chicken breeds were recorded for 8 weeks and compared. Two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis with consideration of the effect of breeds, sex and its interaction. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) influence of the breeds on the traits across all ages. FUNAAB-Alpha broiler consumed the least quantity of feed/bird/day followed by the Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha crossbred throughout the period of the experiment. However, Sasso-FUNAAB-Alpha chicken had the highest mean value for body weight and other linear body parameters among the crossbreds. Despite of the improvements achieved in FUNAAB-Alpha crosses, there is a need for further analysis and research in order to achieve the maximum potential of the improved broiler strain","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122675195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wound healing is a complex multicellular process involving many cell types which include; inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The process involves an orderly sequence of events with four overlapping phases namely; haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases. The process can be facilitated by the use of wound healing agents including herbal remedies from plants. In this study the main objective was to evaluate the in vitro wound healing activity of the resin obtained from Commiphora swynnertonii (C.swynnertonii). First the NIH -3T3 cells viability were evaluated using (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Then the wound scratch assay model was used to evaluate cellular proliferation, closure of the wound and release of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes. Results indicate differences in mean cell viability between different concentrations within 24 hours of incubation. The highest viability was recorded at the concentration of 1% (v/v). The in-vitro wound scratch assay showed positive NIH - 3T3 cells proliferation on the wound area and cells migration when compared with control group (without treatment) at 0 and 24 hours. In addition, C. swynnertonii was able to stimulate secretion of MMP-2 release from NIH - 3T3 cells. MMP-2 is an important enzyme for extracellular matrix remodeling during wound healing suggesting that C. swynnertonii promotes wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and production of MMP-2 in a mechanism that is currently not known.
{"title":"In-vitro Wound Healing Properties of Commiphora swynnertonii Resinous Extracts","authors":"G. Bakari, S. Mshamu, M. Ally, R. Max, H. Bai","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v38i1.6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v38i1.6s","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is a complex multicellular process involving many cell types which include; inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The process involves an orderly sequence of events with four overlapping phases namely; haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases. The process can be facilitated by the use of wound healing agents including herbal remedies from plants. In this study the main objective was to evaluate the in vitro wound healing activity of the resin obtained from Commiphora swynnertonii (C.swynnertonii). First the NIH -3T3 cells viability were evaluated using (3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay. Then the wound scratch assay model was used to evaluate cellular proliferation, closure of the wound and release of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes. Results indicate differences in mean cell viability between different concentrations within 24 hours of incubation. The highest viability was recorded at the concentration of 1% (v/v). The in-vitro wound scratch assay showed positive NIH - 3T3 cells proliferation on the wound area and cells migration when compared with control group (without treatment) at 0 and 24 hours. In addition, C. swynnertonii was able to stimulate secretion of MMP-2 release from NIH - 3T3 cells. MMP-2 is an important enzyme for extracellular matrix remodeling during wound healing suggesting that C. swynnertonii promotes wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation and production of MMP-2 in a mechanism that is currently not known.","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Samson, F.H. Mpagike, A. Félix, A. Matondo, M. Makungu
A seven-year-old female mongrel dog was presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Teaching Animal Hospital for second opinion regarding a progressive swelling of the right hind limb of two months duration. Clinical examination revealed a loss of body condition, tachypnea and tachycardia, a painful immobile solid mass of 20 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm located on the right stifle joint, leucocytosis, and anaemia. Radiographic examination of the joint revealed marked soft tissue swelling with amorphous areas of mineralization and complete destruction of the proximal tibia. Smooth and solid periosteal reaction was seen around the tibia and fibula with a Codman’s triangle. Multiple nodules and a mass with soft tissue opacity were seen in the lung fields. Post-mortem examination revealed separation of tibia and fibula, softening of the proximal parts of the tibia, and complete integration of the proximal region of the two bones and articular tissues into the surrounding muscular tissues. Multifocal nodular lesions of variable sizes were mostly found in the lungs and partly in the liver. Histologically, predominantly oval and round cells with variable nuclear sizes and moderate mitoses were observed in tissue samples from the joint, lungs and the liver although some parts of the lung metastases showed both round and spindle shaped tumor cells. Clinical profile is suggestive of aggressive biphasic (spindle and epithelial) type of synovial cell sarcoma with lung and liver metastasis. Early radiographic and biopsy examination of persistent musculoskeletal nodules is recommended for early diagnosis and interventions.
一只7岁的雌性杂种狗因右后肢持续两个月的进行性肿胀而来到Sokoine农业大学动物教学医院寻求第二意见。临床检查显示身体状况不佳，呼吸急促，心动过速，右侧膝关节有一个20 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm的难以移动的实性肿块，白细胞增多，贫血。关节x线检查显示明显的软组织肿胀，无定形矿化区和胫骨近端完全破坏。在胫骨和腓骨周围可见光滑而坚实的骨膜反应，并形成Codman三角区。肺野可见多发结节及软组织混浊肿块。尸检显示胫骨和腓骨分离，胫骨近端软化，两骨近端和关节组织与周围肌肉组织完全融合。大小不一的多灶性结节性病变多见于肺部，部分见于肝脏。组织学上，在关节、肺和肝脏的组织样本中，主要观察到椭圆形和圆形细胞，细胞核大小不一，有丝分裂适中，尽管肺转移的某些部分同时显示圆形和梭形肿瘤细胞。临床表现为侵袭性双期(梭形和上皮)滑膜细胞肉瘤伴肺和肝转移。建议对持续性肌肉骨骼结节进行早期x线摄影和活检检查，以进行早期诊断和干预。
{"title":"Canine Synovial Sarcoma of the Stifle Joint with Pulmonary and Liver Metastases","authors":"R. Samson, F.H. Mpagike, A. Félix, A. Matondo, M. Makungu","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v38i1.2s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v38i1.2s","url":null,"abstract":"A seven-year-old female mongrel dog was presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Teaching Animal Hospital for second opinion regarding a progressive swelling of the right hind limb of two months duration. Clinical examination revealed a loss of body condition, tachypnea and tachycardia, a painful immobile solid mass of 20 cm x 14 cm x 10 cm located on the right stifle joint, leucocytosis, and anaemia. Radiographic examination of the joint revealed marked soft tissue swelling with amorphous areas of mineralization and complete destruction of the proximal tibia. Smooth and solid periosteal reaction was seen around the tibia and fibula with a Codman’s triangle. Multiple nodules and a mass with soft tissue opacity were seen in the lung fields. Post-mortem examination revealed separation of tibia and fibula, softening of the proximal parts of the tibia, and complete integration of the proximal region of the two bones and articular tissues into the surrounding muscular tissues. Multifocal nodular lesions of variable sizes were mostly found in the lungs and partly in the liver. Histologically, predominantly oval and round cells with variable nuclear sizes and moderate mitoses were observed in tissue samples from the joint, lungs and the liver although some parts of the lung metastases showed both round and spindle shaped tumor cells. Clinical profile is suggestive of aggressive biphasic (spindle and epithelial) type of synovial cell sarcoma with lung and liver metastasis. Early radiographic and biopsy examination of persistent musculoskeletal nodules is recommended for early diagnosis and interventions.","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"2009 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127329005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a neoplasia naturally transmitted in susceptible dogs through coitus. CTVT has a worldwide distribution, with a high prevalence in tropical and sub-tropical urban environments. The study aimed at evaluating CTVT lesions in local breeds of dogs and to assess morphological changes based on sex before and after administration of vincristine sulphate. Clinical and gross morphology, fine needle aspirates cytology (FNAC) and routine histopathology methods were used. Two FNAC and histopathological microscopic slide sections from each of the seven sampled dogs were stained with Giemsa stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin. All dogs were treated with vincristine once weekly over a six weeks period after which clinical morphological and histopathological changes were assessed. Grossly, before treatment the tumour masses appeared irregular, cauliflower like with tendency to bleed, sizes ranged from ≥5cm to ≤2cm with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Cytologically, the tumours had homogenous, sheet-like cellular mass. Cytoplasm with punctate vacuoles, anisokaryosis with anisonucleoliosis and coarse to reticulate nuclear chromatin were seen. Lymphocytoid cell pattern was dominant cell type. Histopathology showed sheets of round cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic variations. Histopathology of the treated dog revealed hyper-cellularity, absence of nucleoli, prominent mitotic figures, reduced cell size and presence of inflammatory cells. There was no difference on the cellular changes after vincristine treatment between female and male dogs. Cytology and histopathology showed that vincristine sulphate suppresses the development of tumour through alteration of cellular morphology with no difference between male and female dogs.
{"title":"Cytological and Histopathological Characteristics of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour in Male and Female Dogs Before and After Vincristine Treatment","authors":"J.T. Katjimune, C. Mathew","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v38i1.5s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v38i1.5s","url":null,"abstract":"Canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) is a neoplasia naturally transmitted in susceptible dogs through coitus. CTVT has a worldwide distribution, with a high prevalence in tropical and sub-tropical urban environments. The study aimed at evaluating CTVT lesions in local breeds of dogs and to assess morphological changes based on sex before and after administration of vincristine sulphate. Clinical and gross morphology, fine needle aspirates cytology (FNAC) and routine histopathology methods were used. Two FNAC and histopathological microscopic slide sections from each of the seven sampled dogs were stained with Giemsa stain and Hematoxylin and Eosin. All dogs were treated with vincristine once weekly over a six weeks period after which clinical morphological and histopathological changes were assessed. Grossly, before treatment the tumour masses appeared irregular, cauliflower like with tendency to bleed, sizes ranged from ≥5cm to ≤2cm with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Cytologically, the tumours had homogenous, sheet-like cellular mass. Cytoplasm with punctate vacuoles, anisokaryosis with anisonucleoliosis and coarse to reticulate nuclear chromatin were seen. Lymphocytoid cell pattern was dominant cell type. Histopathology showed sheets of round cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic variations. Histopathology of the treated dog revealed hyper-cellularity, absence of nucleoli, prominent mitotic figures, reduced cell size and presence of inflammatory cells. There was no difference on the cellular changes after vincristine treatment between female and male dogs. Cytology and histopathology showed that vincristine sulphate suppresses the development of tumour through alteration of cellular morphology with no difference between male and female dogs.","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124425268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A six-month old, 24 kg, intact male Caucasian Shepherd crossbred dog was presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Teaching Animal Hospital with a history of difficulty standing and walking, and bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyeal region. The owner also reported prior calcium supplementation in form of dietary tablets. Upon physical examination; the animal was lethargic with fever, bilateral ocular discharge, tachypnea and reduced appetite. Hard painful bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region was observed. Differential cell count showed neutrophilia and monocytosis. Sclerosis and paracortical cuffing of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region were seen on radiographic examination. Similar changes were also visualised in the proximal crural metaphyseal region. Further, cranial bowing of the radius with lateral deviation of the foot (carpal valgus) were also observed. Metaphyseal osteopathy was diagnosed based on the history, clinical and radiographic findings. The exact cause of metaphyseal osteopathy is unknown, however there have been reports linking it to breed predisposition and mineral over supplementation. Administration of corticosteroids and supportive care are recommended in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy. However, a bony change that is paracortical cuffing requires several months for resorption.
{"title":"Metaphyseal Osteopathy in a Caucasian Shepherd Crossbred Dog","authors":"A. Félix, I. Kashoma, M. Makungu","doi":"10.4314/tvj.v38i1.1s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tvj.v38i1.1s","url":null,"abstract":"A six-month old, 24 kg, intact male Caucasian Shepherd crossbred dog was presented at the Sokoine University of Agriculture Teaching Animal Hospital with a history of difficulty standing and walking, and bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyeal region. The owner also reported prior calcium supplementation in form of dietary tablets. Upon physical examination; the animal was lethargic with fever, bilateral ocular discharge, tachypnea and reduced appetite. Hard painful bilateral swelling of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region was observed. Differential cell count showed neutrophilia and monocytosis. Sclerosis and paracortical cuffing of the distal antebrachial and crural metaphyseal region were seen on radiographic examination. Similar changes were also visualised in the proximal crural metaphyseal region. Further, cranial bowing of the radius with lateral deviation of the foot (carpal valgus) were also observed. Metaphyseal osteopathy was diagnosed based on the history, clinical and radiographic findings. The exact cause of metaphyseal osteopathy is unknown, however there have been reports linking it to breed predisposition and mineral over supplementation. Administration of corticosteroids and supportive care are recommended in dogs with metaphyseal osteopathy. However, a bony change that is paracortical cuffing requires several months for resorption.","PeriodicalId":181497,"journal":{"name":"Tanzania Veterinary Journal","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114473422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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