Evolution From Industry 1.0 to Industry 5.0

Abstract

The industrial revolution is characterized by a shift in methods from agricultural, pastoral, and handicraft economies to the one that is dominated by production industries. The Industrial Revolution brought a significant transformation from economies that were initially based on agriculture to the one that is now dominated by large-scale industries. The Industrial Revolution was first used for Britain’s economic development in 1760 by Arnold Toynbee. It broadly applies to economic transformation rather than a period of time. The primary characteristics of an industrial revolution are technological, cultural, and socioeconomic. During the first industrial revolution, a transition to manufacturing processes using steam and water took place. Electrical technology was primarily used in the second industrial revolution to increase production. The third industrial revolution came with IT and electronics, wherein the main focus was on automation in production. The fourth industrial revolution was to provide customization using AI. The fifth industrial revolution focuses on providing personalization and a human touch to manufacturing methods. Industry 5.0 is sometimes seen as anti-industrial because of its personalization involving the human touch. This paper has done a systematic analysis of the five industrial revolutions.