Stacking them up: a comparison of virtual machines

J. Gough
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引用次数: 49

Abstract

A popular trend in current software technology is to gain program portability by compiling programs to an intermediate form based on an abstract machine definition. Such approaches date back at least to the 1970s, but have achieved new impetus based on the current popularity of the programming language Java. Implementations of language Java compile programs to bytecodes understood by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). More recently Microsoft have released preliminary details of their ".NET" platform, which is based on an abstract machine superficially similar to the JVM. In each case program execution is normally mediated by a just in time compiler (JIT), although in principle interpretative execution is also possible. Although these two competing technologies share some common aims the objectives of the virtual machine designs are significantly different. In particular, the ease with which embedded systems might use small-footprint versions of these virtual machines depends on detailed properties of the machine definitions. In this study, a compiler was implemented which can produce output code that may be run on either the JVM or .NET platforms. The compiler is available in the public domain, and facilitates comparisons to be made both at compile time and at runtime.
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将它们堆叠起来:虚拟机的比较
当前软件技术的一个流行趋势是通过将程序编译成基于抽象机器定义的中间形式来获得程序可移植性。这种方法至少可以追溯到20世纪70年代,但是基于当前流行的编程语言Java获得了新的推动力。Java语言的实现将程序编译成Java虚拟机(JVM)可以理解的字节码。最近,微软发布了他们的“。. NET平台,它基于一个表面上类似于JVM的抽象机器。在每种情况下,程序的执行通常由即时编译器(JIT)调解,尽管原则上解释性执行也是可能的。尽管这两种相互竞争的技术有一些共同的目标,但虚拟机设计的目标却有很大的不同。特别是,嵌入式系统是否容易使用这些虚拟机的小内存占用版本取决于机器定义的详细属性。在这项研究中,实现了一个编译器,它可以生成可以在JVM或。net平台上运行的输出代码。该编译器可在公共领域中使用,并有助于在编译时和运行时进行比较。
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