COVID-19 Global Pandemic and ODA Policy: A Comparative Study of the UK and Germany

Seokwoo Kim, Jiyoung Kim
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Abstract

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on aid policy of donors. We aim to understand how COVID-19 global pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war followed by the economic stagnation worldwide have affected aid policy of major donor countries. This study first traces the changes in ODA of OECD DAC countries after the break out of COVID-19. Based on the understanding of the general pattern of aid policy after the COVID-19, we then compare and analyze the cases of the UK and Germany. Soon after the breakout of the COVID-19, the UK drastically decreased the amount of ODA and adopted the 'UK first policy' as the guiding principle of the UK ODA policy. On the other hand, the ODA volume of Germany has seen a significant increase during the period of the COVID-19 crisis and played a leading role in supporting international cooperation to meet COVID-19 crisis and protect global peace and order. This study highlights major factors that have affected such divergent aid policies of the UK and Germany.
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新冠肺炎全球大流行与官方发展援助政策:英国与德国的比较研究
本研究考察了2019冠状病毒病对捐助国援助政策的影响。我们的目标是了解2019冠状病毒病全球大流行和俄罗斯-乌克兰战争以及随之而来的全球经济停滞如何影响主要捐助国的援助政策。本研究首先追溯了2019冠状病毒病爆发后经合组织发展援助委员会国家官方发展援助的变化。在了解新冠肺炎疫情后援助政策总体格局的基础上,对英国和德国的案例进行了对比分析。新冠肺炎疫情发生后,英国大幅削减官方发展援助金额,并将“英国优先”作为官方发展援助政策的指导原则。另一方面,在新冠肺炎危机期间,德国官方发展援助大幅增加,为支持国际合作应对新冠肺炎危机、维护世界和平与秩序发挥了主导作用。本研究突出了影响英德援助政策差异的主要因素。
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