Application of electric vehicles for primary frequency regulation service

Abstract

In the electricity system, the frequency behavior is an indicator of the quality of the service provider that expresses the equilibrium between the supply and demand of electricity. Demand presents challenging to predict behavior, which means that usually, the balance is corrected through changes in a generation. The operators rely on generation plants that must keep 3% of their power available for regulation. With the increase in electric vehicles (EV) and the growing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the frequency regulation service could be supplemented and mitigated by generators. This research aims to analyze the viability and feasibility of the use of V2G technology as a complementary service to primary frequency regulation. The battery model of electric vehicles with the necessary components for its operation in V2G was simulated using the PowerFactory DIgSILENT software. A single bank with all the power connected to a system Monte Carlo simulation of a single bank was carried out with all the power connected to a system bus to simulate the entire fleet of electric vehicle batteries and know how much power was always available. The results obtained in the simulations show that theso of the EVs in the primary frequency regulation does not allow sudden changes in frequency in the electrical system.