Classification of cardiac cohorts based on morphological and hemodynamic features derived from 4D PC-MRI data

Abstract

An accurate assessment of the cardiovascular system and prediction of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are crucial. Cardiac blood flow data provide insights about patient-specific hemodynamics. However, there is a lack of machine learning approaches for a feature-based classification of heart-healthy people and patients with CVDs. In this paper, we investigate the potential of morphological and hemodynamic features extracted from measured blood flow data in the aorta to classify heart-healthy volunteers (HHV) and patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Furthermore, we determine features that distinguish male vs. female patients and elderly HHV vs. BAV patients. We propose a data analysis pipeline for cardiac status classification, encompassing feature selection, model training, and hyperparameter tuning. Our results suggest substantial differences in flow features of the aorta between HHV and BAV patients. The excellent performance of the classifiers separating between elderly HHV and BAV patients indicates that aging is not associated with pathological morphology and hemodynamics. Our models represent a first step towards automated diagnosis of CVS using interpretable machine learning models.