Effect of Ethanol Extract of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on Insulin Resistance in Rat with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-High Fat Diet

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance has important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including diabetes. Recent study showed that oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Harmless antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) on insulin resistance in rat with diabetes mellitus type 2 induced by STZ-NA-HFDD. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial posttest only with control group design. A sample of 44 rats was selected for this study at random, divided into 11 groups. Doses of ethanol extract of squash divided in 3 categories including: 45 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW and 150 mg/kgBW. The independent variable was ethanol extract of chayote. The dependent variables were blood sugar level, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxida Dismutase (SOD), and HOMA-IR. Differences in mean between groups were tested by One Way ANOVA and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of blood sugar level were not statistically signi¬ficant (p= 0.525), with the lowest level of blood sugar level was in 45 mg/kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 155.16; SD= 31.92). The mean differences of MDA level were statistically significant (p= 0.001), with the highest MDA level was in 100 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.40; SD= 0.23). The mean differences of insulin resistance level were not statistically significant (p= 0.071), with the lowest insulin resistance level was in 45 mg/ kg-BW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 0.16; SD= 0.08). The mean differrences of level of superoxide dismutase were not statistically significant (p= 0.525), with the highest level of superoxide dismutase was in 45 mg/ kgBW ethanol extract of chayote group (Mean= 1.10; SD= 0.75). Conclusion: The low dose (45 mg/ kgBW) of chayote ethanol extract can effectively lower blood sugar, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance level. The 100 mg/ kgBW dose of chayote ethanol extract can effectively increase MDA.