Experimental Research on Creep Properties of Hard Rock under Long-term Load Conditions

S. Yang, L. Zhang
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Abstract

— As the excavation depth of underground engineering increases, the engineering becomes more and more complex. The splitting failure of underground caverns of large hydropower station is a common phenomenon that was not accounted for theoretically so far, which is one of the important factors affecting the safety of underground construction and the long time running stability. Long-term load conditions and great depth are considered to be the main factors that lead to the creep deformation of underground hard rock mass. Therefore creep tests under long-term load conditions are conducted for the purpose of studying the creep properties of the deep hard rock mass. An important hydropower station is taken as the research background project, and the Granite is taken as the research object to carry out the long-term creep test. During the test, the effect of long-term load conditions of hard rock is mainly recorded. Based on the results of the systematic analysis, it is concluded that the mechanical properties of granite are largely affected by high stress: (1) The creep process of granite can be divided into three stages: the transient creep, the steady creep, and the accelerated creep, with different strain rate in each creep region. (2) The granite generates instantaneous deformation at every loading level, the higher the confining pressure, the greater the initial transient strain. (3) The creep deformations of specimens increase with time and stress, it begins to appear an obvious creep deformation when the stress level reaches a certain value, the higher the confining pressure, the greater the creep deformation, and the earlier the creep phenomenon. (4) The higher the confining pressure, the shorter the creep duration, and the more liable to be broken. (5) With the increase of confining pressure, the rock tends to shear failure.
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长期荷载作用下硬岩蠕变特性试验研究
-随着地下工程开挖深度的增加,工程变得越来越复杂。大型水电站地下洞室劈裂破坏是一种普遍存在的现象,但至今未在理论上加以解释,是影响地下施工安全和长期稳定运行的重要因素之一。长期荷载条件和大深度荷载条件是导致地下硬岩体蠕变的主要因素。为此,开展了长期荷载条件下的蠕变试验,研究深部硬岩体的蠕变特性。以某重要水电站为研究背景工程,以花岗岩为研究对象,进行长期蠕变试验。试验中主要记录了硬岩长期荷载条件的影响。根据系统分析结果,得出高应力对花岗岩力学性能影响较大的结论:(1)花岗岩的蠕变过程可分为瞬时蠕变、稳态蠕变和加速蠕变3个阶段,各蠕变区域应变速率不同;(2)花岗岩在各加载水平下均产生瞬时变形,围压越高,初始瞬态应变越大。(3)试件蠕变随时间和应力增大而增大,当应力水平达到一定值时开始出现明显的蠕变变形,围压越高,蠕变变形越大,蠕变现象发生越早。(4)围压越高,蠕变持续时间越短,越容易发生破坏。(5)随着围压的增大,岩石趋于剪切破坏。
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