노인가구의 부채부담과 부채상환가능성 분석: 노인가구 유형에 따른 비교 (Debt Burden and Debt Repayment Possibility of Elderly Households: Comparison of Elderly Household Types)

Da-Eun Jung, Kyung-Wook Cha
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Abstract

Korean Abstract: 본 연구에서는 노인가구의 유형을 부부노인가구, 여성노인가구, 남성노인가구로 구분하여, 부채보유 여부와 부채보유액이 유의한 차이가 있는지 검증하고, 유형별 노인가구를 대상으로 부채보유 여부에 따른 가계 특성을 비교하였다. 또한 부채를 보유한 노인가구를 대상으로 가구유형별 가계 특성을 비교하였고, 부채부담지표와 부채상환가능성을 비교하였다. 2014년 노인실태조사 원자료를 사용하였고, 동거 가구원이 없는 노인가구 6,340가구의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부부노인가구의 33.7%, 남성노인가구의 24.1%, 여성노인가구의 16.8%가 부채를 보유하고 있었으며, 부채보유액 평균은 각각 8,616만원, 5,829만원, 4,184만원이었다. 둘째, 부채보유가구는 부채미보유가구 보다 평균연령이 낮고, 교육수준은 높았다. 부채보유가구는 부채미보유가구 보다 연간소득, 연간소비지출, 총자산, 부동산자산이 유의하게 많았다. 여성노인가구와 남성노인가구의 경우, 부채보유가구의 소득 대비 소비지출의 비중이 부채미보유가구 보다 높아, 부채상환의 여력이 부족함을 보여주었다. 모든 유형의 부채보유가구에서 총자산 대비 부동산자산의 비중이 90%에 이르러, 유동성이 취약한 구조를 나타냈다. 셋째, 부부노인가구의 79.1%가 총자산 대비 총부채의 준거기준을 총족한 반면, 남성노인가구는 57.1%만이 충족하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 현재의 근로․사업소득, 연금소득, 사적, 공적이전소득을 유지한다고 가정할 때, 부부노인가구의 65.3%, 여성노인가구의 63.3%, 남성노인가구의 70.5%가 총자산을 처분하여 부채상환이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 근로․사업소득이 중단되는 경우를 가정하면, 부부노인가구의 44.9%, 여성노인가구의 53.3%, 남성노인가구의 55.2%가 부채상환이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. English Abstract: This study compared the percentage of debt holdings and the amount of debt by elderly household types - elderly couple household, female-elderly household, and male- elderly household, and compared socioeconomic, financial characteristics, and the level of life satisfaction between debt holding households and the others. Also, this study analyzed debt burden index (total asset to total debt ratio, financial asset to total debt ratio), and the possibility of debt repayment. Using the 2014 Survey of the Elderly, data from 6,340 elderly households were analyzed. The findings are as follows. About 33.7% of elderly couple households, 24.1% of male-elderly households, and 16.8% of female-elderly households had debt, and average amount of debt was 86.2million won, 58.3million won and 41.8 million won, respectively. Elderly householders who had debt were older, highly educated than those who did not, and had significantly higher income, consumption expenditure, total assets and real estates than the others. For all types of elderly households, the proportion of real estate in total assets reached 90%. About 79.1% of elderly couple households met the guideline of total asset to total debt ratio, while 57.1% of male-elderly households did. Assuming that the current labor and business income, pension income, private and public transfer income were maintained, it would be possible to repay the debt by disposing of their total assets for 65.3% of elderly couple households, 63.3% of female-elderly households, and 70.5% of male-elderly households. If they lost their labor and business income, 44.9% of the elderly couple households, 53.3% of female-elderly households and 55.2% of male-elderly households could repay the debt.
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老年人家庭负债负担与负债偿还可能性分析:老年人家庭类型的比较(Debt Burden and Debt Repayment Possibility of Elderly Households: Comparison of Elderly Household Types)
korean abstract:本研究中对老人家庭的类型夫妻老人家庭,和老人的家庭,划分为男性老人家庭负债是否拥有和부채보유액留意是否有差异,验证类型是否拥有面向老人家庭负债带来的家庭特性进行了比较。另外,以拥有负债的老人家庭为对象,比较了不同家庭类型的家庭特性,比较了负债负担指标和负债偿还可能性。2014年使用老人实态调查原始资料,分析无同居家庭成员的老人家庭6340户。本研究的主要结果如下。第一,夫妻老人家庭的33.7%、男性老人家庭的24.1%、女性老人家庭的16.8%拥有负债,负债拥有额平均分别为8616万韩元、5829万韩元、4184万韩元。第二,负债家庭比未负债家庭平均年龄低,教育水平高。负债拥有家庭的年收入、年消费支出、总资产、房地产资产明显多于负债未拥有家庭。从女性老人家庭和男性老人家庭的情况来看,负债家庭的收入对比消费支出的比重高于未负债家庭,表明负债偿还能力不足。在所有类型的负债家庭中,房地产资产占总资产的比重达到90%,表现出流动性脆弱的结构。第三,79.1%的夫妻老人家庭满足总资产对比总负债的标准,而男性老人家庭只满足57.1%。第四,假设维持现在的劳动、事业收入、年金收入、私人、公共转移收入,夫妻老人家庭的65.3%、女性老人家庭的63.3%、男性老人家庭的70.5%可以处理总资产偿还债务。假设劳动和事业收入中断,夫妻老人家庭的44.9%、女性老人家庭的53.3%、男性老人家庭的55.2%可以偿还债务。english abstract:This study compared the percentage of debt holdings and the amount of debt by elderly household types -elderly couple household, female-elderly household, and male-elderly householdthe level of life satisfaction between debt holding households and the others。Also, this study analyzed debt burden index (total asset to total debt ratio, financial asset to total debt ratio), and the possibility of debt repayment。Using the 2014 Survey of the Elderly, data from 6340 Elderly households were analyzed。The findings are as follows。About 33.7% of elderly couple households, 24.1% of male-elderly households, and 16.8% of female-elderly households had debt, and average amount of debt was 86.2million won;58.3million won and 41.8 million won, respectively。Elderly householders who had debt were older, highly educated than those who did not, and had significantly higher income, consumption expenditure, total assets and real estates than the others。For all types of elderly households, the proportion of real estate in total assets reached 90%About 79.1% of elderly couple households met the guideline of total asset to total debt ratio, while 57.1% of male-elderly households did。Assuming that the current labor and business income, pension income, private and public transfer income were maintainedit would be possible to repay the debt by disposing of their total assets for 65.3% of elderly couple households, 63.3% of female-elderly households, and 70.5% of male-elderly households。If they lost their labor and business income, 44.9% of the elderly couple households, 53.3% of female-elderly households and 55.2% of male-elderly households could repay the debt。
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