Optimization of Intermediate Pressure of the Two-stage Refrigeration System

M. Hoang, C. C. Vo, T. V. Nguyen, H. Vu
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Abstract

A study was designed to observe effects of intermediate pressure $(P_{M})$ on coefficient of performance (COP) of the two- stage refrigeration systems. In this study, ammonia (NH3) and R404a gases were used as refrigerants because of their popular application in seafood processing plants. According to our observation, most of the two-stage refrigeration systems operated in batch mode with variable temperatures during their operation. Therefore, the theoretical adjustment of the $P_{M}$ was difficult to achieve during the operation. The actual $P_{M}$ of the two-stage refrigeration system depended not only on the operating temperature and the refrigerants in use but also on the ratio between the number of low-pressure and high-pressure compressors. As the ratio changed, the thermal balance of the intermediate tank changed followed by alteration of its temperature and pressure. The practical operating $P_{M}$ of the refrigeration systems was quite different from the calculated theoretical $P_{M}$, especially at the beginning and at the end of each operating cycle. The results showed that at standard operating conditions of the current refrigeration system with condenser temperature $(t_{R})$ at $4\theta ^{o}C$, evaporator temperature $(t_{\theta }) at-4\theta ^{o}C$ and super-cooling temperature (delta T) at $1\theta ^{o}C$, optimal intermediate pressures were 2.9 atm at $t_{M}$ (intermediate temperature) $=1\theta ^{o}C$ and $6.\theta 1$ atm at $t_{M} = \theta ^{o}C$ for $NH_{3}$ and $R4\theta 4a$ refrigerants, respectively. Reasonable ratios between high and low-pressure condensers of the two-stage refrigeration system with an internal heat exchanger intermediate tank were determined at 1:4 $(N= \theta.2649)$ for $NH_{3}$ and 1:3 or 1:4 $(N= \theta.2815)$ for $R4\theta 4a$. The results presented in this paper may help to provide an important basis for the design and energy savings of the two-stage refrigeration systems.
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两级制冷系统中间压力的优化
研究了中间压力$(P_{M})$对两级制冷系统性能系数(COP)的影响。在本研究中,由于氨(NH3)和R404a气体在海鲜加工厂的广泛应用,因此使用它们作为制冷剂。根据我们的观察,大多数两级制冷系统在运行过程中以批处理方式运行,温度是可变的。因此,在操作过程中,$P_{M}$的理论调整是难以实现的。两级制冷系统的实际P_{M}$不仅与工作温度和所用制冷剂有关,还与低压压缩机和高压压缩机的数量之比有关。随着比例的变化,中间罐的热平衡发生变化,中间罐的温度和压力也随之变化。制冷系统的实际运行值P_{M}$与计算的理论运行值P_{M}$相差很大,特别是在每个运行周期的开始和结束时。结果表明,在冷凝器温度$(t_{R})$为$4\theta ^{o}C$,蒸发器温度$(t_{\theta})$为$4\theta ^{o}C$,过冷温度(δ T) $1\theta ^{o}C$的标准运行条件下,$t_{M}$(中间温度)$ =1\theta ^{o}C$和$6时的最佳中间压力为2.9 atm。\theta 1$ atm在$t_{M} = \theta ^{o}C$时,分别为$NH_{3}$和$R4\theta 4a$制冷剂。采用内换热中间罐的两级制冷系统的高、低压冷凝器的合理比例为:$NH_{3}$为1:4 $(N= \theta.2649)$, $R4\theta 4a$为1:3或1:4 $(N= \theta.2815)$。本文的研究结果可为两级制冷系统的设计和节能提供重要依据。
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