Properties: Spectroscopy

V. Kresin, S. Ovchinnikov, S. Wolf
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Abstract

This chapter focuses on the spectroscopy of the superconducting state. Various manifestations of macroscopic quantisation are described, including flux quantisation, the Josephson effect, vortices, and the Little–Parks effect. The Ginzburg–Landau theory and its microscopic derivation are presented. An interesting new direction, the search for the lossless ground current state, undergoes an intensive development. If the electronic density of states contains several peaks, it manifests as a multigap structure. Impurity scattering and, especially, the pair-breaking effect can drastically affect the spectrum and lead to gapless superconductivity. Pairing can be induced by the proximity effect (S–N contact). The isotope effect is the signature of the pairing mechanism, but it can be affected by Coulomb terms, magnetic impurities, and polaron formation. The study of fluctuations forms a large area of research. Fluctuations affect the behaviour of heat capacity and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation, lead to peculiar paraconductivity, and so on.
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属性:光谱学
本章主要讨论超导态的光谱学。描述了宏观量子化的各种表现,包括通量量子化、约瑟夫森效应、涡旋和利特尔-帕克斯效应。介绍了金兹堡-朗道理论及其微观推导。一个有趣的新方向,即寻找无损的接地电流状态,正在得到深入的发展。如果态的电子密度包含多个峰,则表现为多隙结构。杂质散射,特别是对断裂效应会极大地影响光谱并导致无间隙超导。配对可以由邻近效应(S-N接触)诱导。同位素效应是配对机制的标志,但它可能受到库仑项、磁性杂质和极化子形成的影响。对波动的研究形成了一个很大的研究领域。波动影响热容量和核磁共振弛豫的行为,导致特殊的副导电性等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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