Paradigms and Four Levels of Scientific Controversies

S. Akasofu
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Abstract

A paradigm transition or change is essential in the development of science. During the transition, there are intense debates and controversies among scientists. In this paper, we attempt to analyze controversies in four levels and also three types of researchers. 
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科学争论的范式与四个层次
范式的转变或变化在科学的发展中是必不可少的。在过渡期间,科学家之间有激烈的争论和争议。在本文中,我们试图从四个层面和三种类型的研究者来分析争议。
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