The Female Athlete Triad

Abstract

In 2007, the female athlete triad was redefined to include (1) low energy availability with or without disordered eating; (2) menstrual dysfunction; and (3) decreased bone mineral density. Components of the triad are common during adolescence, a critical period for bone acquisition and growth, but the prevalence varies among athlete populations based on several factors. Screening for the triad should be a routine part of the preparticipation physical examination of adolescent athletes, and new recommendations exist for the screening and management of athletes at risk for complications from the triad. Awareness and education are critical for prevention and early intervention.