Documentary genres. Criteria and dominant theories

International Conference on Cultural Informatics, Communication & Media Studies Pub Date : 2020-01-23 DOI:10.12681/cicms.2763

Ioannis Skopeteas

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Abstract

The most popular genres in the documentary film theory today are the ones proposed by Bill Nichols (2010) who introduced six modes of representation: poetic, expository, participatory, observational, reflexive, and performative. These six modes “establish a loose framework of affiliation within which individuals may work; they set up conventions that a given film may adopt; and they provide specific expectations viewers anticipate having fulfilled”. However, is this division capable to cover all the elements of a documentary film and therefore construct fixed categories that can serve all the needs of theorists, practitioners and audience? This paper will support that the genre classification by Bill Nichols is only based on representation and its relation with the voice of the narrator. However, there are several other issues within the documentary film that may lead to other classifications. To name some of them, the theme and the subject of the documentary, the narrative structure and the actuality depicted. In such a way, a full table of documentary genres will be provided at the end of the paper, which will cover all the aspects of this type of film.

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纪录片流派。标准和主导理论

当今纪录片理论中最流行的类型是比尔·尼科尔斯(Bill Nichols, 2010)提出的六种表现模式:诗意、说明性、参与性、观察性、反思性和表演性。这六种模式“建立了一个松散的隶属关系框架，个人可以在其中工作;他们设定了一部特定电影可能采用的惯例;它们提供了观众期望已经实现的具体期望。”然而，这种划分是否能够涵盖纪录片的所有元素，从而构建出能够满足理论家、从业者和观众所有需求的固定类别?本文将支持Bill Nichols的类型分类仅仅基于再现及其与叙述者声音的关系。然而，在纪录片中还有其他几个问题可能导致其他分类。举几个例子，纪录片的主题和主题，叙事结构和所描绘的现实。通过这种方式，在论文的最后将提供一个完整的纪录片类型表，它将涵盖这类电影的所有方面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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