Indian Hostile Narratives and Counter Narratives of Pakistan

Abstract

In the 21st century, international relations and communication have been interacting with each other in an ineffable manner. It is hard to find that how international relations are conducted and which actors are involved. This all happened because of the new media ecologies with the modernization of technology. Communication has to play a very crucial role in today’s world especially in international relations. The work of Manuel Castell “Communication Power” explains how communication and new media ecologies have shaped our world in twenty first century and how relationships of power can be defined and reconfigured through communication. Manuel uses the term of “network society” & “mass self-communication”. In a “networked society” new networked pattern of relationships emerge that may be political, social and economic. “Mass self-communication” that emerged during 2000’s encouraged everyone to have their own views of the world around them and broadcast online. The power of “mass self-communication” cannot be neglected in today’s world as this phenomenon helped toppled governments in the Arab Spring starting in 2011. Now communication is not controlled by elites in society but is available to all and its power cannot be undermined. Changing media ecologies gave rise to a concept of narrative building which political actors use in order to achieve political and other policy goals.