Europe’s response to the dramatic tests of the pandemic has unfolded amidst a climate of uncertainty. From Britain’s exit from the European Union to the cyclic waves of nationalist sentiment, the central question emerges: did Europe act united in the face of catastrophic events, or maintain its unity? What actions and reactions were implemented to confront the Coronavirus on a unified front? Ironically, after an exhaustive struggle against the health, and socio-economic crisis caused by COVID-19, marked by an unprecedented mobilization of human and economic resources in the Union’s history, Europe abruptly confronted a new reality: the outbreak of war in Ukraine. These disruptive events prompt reflection on the future European Union’s potential evolution.
{"title":"Union or Unity: The State of Europe Put to the Test by the Pandemic","authors":"Nicola Neri","doi":"10.59111/jpd.005.01.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.047","url":null,"abstract":"Europe’s response to the dramatic tests of the pandemic has unfolded amidst a climate of uncertainty. From Britain’s exit from the European Union to the cyclic waves of nationalist sentiment, the central question emerges: did Europe act united in the face of catastrophic events, or maintain its unity? What actions and reactions were implemented to confront the Coronavirus on a unified front? Ironically, after an exhaustive struggle against the health, and socio-economic crisis caused by COVID-19, marked by an unprecedented mobilization of human and economic resources in the Union’s history, Europe abruptly confronted a new reality: the outbreak of war in Ukraine. These disruptive events prompt reflection on the future European Union’s potential evolution.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"289 9‐10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At present, the world is experiencing profound changes unprecedented in a century. Regional and global issues continue to emerge, posing significant challenges to national governance and regional relations. In response, China has introduced the Belt and Road Initiative and aims to build a human community with a shared future, proposing Chinese solutions to global governance issues. South Asia, being an important region surrounding China, becomes a key partner in this endeavor. As highlighted by President Xi Jinping, mutual learning among civilizations is essential for constructing a China-South Asia community with a common future. Historically, China and South Asian civilizations share a deep-rooted connection, both belonging to the Himalayan civilization circle and having frequent religious and cultural exchanges, particularly through Buddhism. To establish a China-South Asia community with a common future through civilizational exchange and mutual learning, we should further strengthen the shared will of Chinese and South Asian civilizations, implement existing cultural agreements, and use current cooperation mechanisms as a starting point. This involves steadily advancing projects that benefit people’s livelihoods and well-being. Additionally, it is essential to continue cultural exchanges and collaboration in diverse fields such as biochemistry, establish a solid foundation of popular support, and achieve sustainable development.
{"title":"Study on Building a China-South Asia Community of Shared Future under the Context of Mutual Learning among Civilizations","authors":"Sun Xiqin","doi":"10.59111/jpd.005.01.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.056","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the world is experiencing profound changes unprecedented in a century. Regional and global issues continue to emerge, posing significant challenges to national governance and regional relations. In response, China has introduced the Belt and Road Initiative and aims to build a human community with a shared future, proposing Chinese solutions to global governance issues. South Asia, being an important region surrounding China, becomes a key partner in this endeavor. As highlighted by President Xi Jinping, mutual learning among civilizations is essential for constructing a China-South Asia community with a common future. Historically, China and South Asian civilizations share a deep-rooted connection, both belonging to the Himalayan civilization circle and having frequent religious and cultural exchanges, particularly through Buddhism. To establish a China-South Asia community with a common future through civilizational exchange and mutual learning, we should further strengthen the shared will of Chinese and South Asian civilizations, implement existing cultural agreements, and use current cooperation mechanisms as a starting point. This involves steadily advancing projects that benefit people’s livelihoods and well-being. Additionally, it is essential to continue cultural exchanges and collaboration in diverse fields such as biochemistry, establish a solid foundation of popular support, and achieve sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"2010 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As China’s economy and international standing have burgeoned, nations worldwide have increasingly focused on fostering amicable and cooperative relations with China. Consequently, the significance of the Chinese language in global exchanges has intensified. In response, higher education institutions in China have diligently endeavored to establish platforms that accelerate the dissemination of the Chinese language globally, catering specifically to international students. This paper draws on a longitudinal study of Vietnamese students at Honghe University, encapsulating their experiences in learning Chinese. It proposes an initial teaching model tailored for international learners of Chinese and conducts a thorough analysis of the enhanced productivity in language acquisition. Utilizing the strengths derived from this new educational productivity, the study further refines and enhances the initial model. The culmination of this research is the development of a comprehensive teaching framework for Vietnamese learners of Chinese at Honghe University in China, viewed through the lens of innovative educational productivity.
{"title":"Research on the Construction of Chinese Teaching Mode for Vietnamese Students Studying in China from the Perspective of New Quality Productivity","authors":"Jiayang Wang","doi":"10.59111/jpd.005.01.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.057","url":null,"abstract":"As China’s economy and international standing have burgeoned, nations worldwide have increasingly focused on fostering amicable and cooperative relations with China. Consequently, the significance of the Chinese language in global exchanges has intensified. In response, higher education institutions in China have diligently endeavored to establish platforms that accelerate the dissemination of the Chinese language globally, catering specifically to international students. This paper draws on a longitudinal study of Vietnamese students at Honghe University, encapsulating their experiences in learning Chinese. It proposes an initial teaching model tailored for international learners of Chinese and conducts a thorough analysis of the enhanced productivity in language acquisition. Utilizing the strengths derived from this new educational productivity, the study further refines and enhances the initial model. The culmination of this research is the development of a comprehensive teaching framework for Vietnamese learners of Chinese at Honghe University in China, viewed through the lens of innovative educational productivity.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"81 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Republic of France has maintained close political and diplomatic ties with the countries in the African continent, especially sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship between France and its former colonies has been debated in international relations regarding its dominant and influential characteristics. In the last decade, French foreign policy in the Sahel region has been more pronounced with military and diplomatic interventions. Since assuming the French presidential seat in 2017, President Emmanuel Macron has proposed a new political discourse stating the need to move away from the traditional colonial dichotomy. This narrative, however, remains to be fully realized. Between 2017 and 2021, France has been increasingly involved in the internal affairs of countries in the Sahel. Concurrently, a proliferation of youth movements denouncing French foreign policy and its impact on political and social settings has been taking place. This article offers a discourse analysis of the intersection between the notion of reform in France-Africa relations and the youth uprising, which critiques these policies and advocates for change, employing regime and post-colonial theories. The analysis will investigate how youth activism movements respond to these policies. The study is significant as its findings could guide policy reforms aimed at transforming France-Africa relations, with a particular focus on the Sahel region. Additionally, the article seeks to illustrate, through discourse examples of ongoing youth activism protests, that these responses represent a potentially influential form of resistance.
{"title":"African Youth Activism and the Disruption of French Foreign Policy in the Sahel Region","authors":"Deborah Ndjerareou","doi":"10.59111/jpd.005.01.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.052","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of France has maintained close political and diplomatic ties with the countries in the African continent, especially sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship between France and its former colonies has been debated in international relations regarding its dominant and influential characteristics. In the last decade, French foreign policy in the Sahel region has been more pronounced with military and diplomatic interventions. Since assuming the French presidential seat in 2017, President Emmanuel Macron has proposed a new political discourse stating the need to move away from the traditional colonial dichotomy. This narrative, however, remains to be fully realized. Between 2017 and 2021, France has been increasingly involved in the internal affairs of countries in the Sahel. Concurrently, a proliferation of youth movements denouncing French foreign policy and its impact on political and social settings has been taking place. This article offers a discourse analysis of the intersection between the notion of reform in France-Africa relations and the youth uprising, which critiques these policies and advocates for change, employing regime and post-colonial theories. The analysis will investigate how youth activism movements respond to these policies. The study is significant as its findings could guide policy reforms aimed at transforming France-Africa relations, with a particular focus on the Sahel region. Additionally, the article seeks to illustrate, through discourse examples of ongoing youth activism protests, that these responses represent a potentially influential form of resistance.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to highlight the role of international institutions in the enforcement of International Economic Law (IEL) and to critically assess their strengths and limitations. IEL serves as a crucial framework for facilitating global trade and investment, providing a regulatory foundation for cross-border commercial interactions. However, the mere existence of IEL’s principles and provisions does not guarantee compliance; their enforcement typically requires robust mechanisms. This article focuses on the enforcement of IEL through key international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). It highlights the deficiencies of the conventional state-centric mechanism and inspects different enforcement strategies used by these institutions. It also addresses methodological challenges faced by these mechanisms, including their reliance on substantial resources and the redistributive impacts of IMF and World Bank policies. The article concludes by proposing a range of actions that could be adopted to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, from opening up decision-making processes so they are more inclusive and fairer to maintaining international economic norms which have developed in an incompletely globalized but still highly integrated world.
{"title":"The Role of International Institutions in Enforcing International Economic Law: Analysis of Strength and Weaknesses","authors":"Khawaja Muhammad Ali Butt, Shahzad Malik","doi":"10.59111/jpd.005.01.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to highlight the role of international institutions in the enforcement of International Economic Law (IEL) and to critically assess their strengths and limitations. IEL serves as a crucial framework for facilitating global trade and investment, providing a regulatory foundation for cross-border commercial interactions. However, the mere existence of IEL’s principles and provisions does not guarantee compliance; their enforcement typically requires robust mechanisms. This article focuses on the enforcement of IEL through key international institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF). It highlights the deficiencies of the conventional state-centric mechanism and inspects different enforcement strategies used by these institutions. It also addresses methodological challenges faced by these mechanisms, including their reliance on substantial resources and the redistributive impacts of IMF and World Bank policies. The article concludes by proposing a range of actions that could be adopted to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, from opening up decision-making processes so they are more inclusive and fairer to maintaining international economic norms which have developed in an incompletely globalized but still highly integrated world.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Consensus Democracy Theory, put forward by Lijphart, emphasizes the construction of a multi-consensus democracy. Switzerland is a typical country putting consensus democracy theory into practice. Its consensus democracy belief is rooted in its historical development and domestic political practice, and has become a typical case of practice and research. China also has the soil of consensus democratic theory, that is, the exploration and practice of the fundamental political system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. As one of the three basic political systems in China, the practice of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) system has prominent significance for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Swiss democracy shares similarities with CPPCC because of the same theoretical model between China and Switzerland. On the other hand, differences exist resulting from different social systems and historical development. Exploring the similarities and differences is of positive significance for the further development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics in the new era.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of 'Consensus Democracy' in China and Switzerland","authors":"Shaohan Gao","doi":"10.59111/jpd.004.01.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.004.01.044","url":null,"abstract":"The Consensus Democracy Theory, put forward by Lijphart, emphasizes the construction of a multi-consensus democracy. Switzerland is a typical country putting consensus democracy theory into practice. Its consensus democracy belief is rooted in its historical development and domestic political practice, and has become a typical case of practice and research. China also has the soil of consensus democratic theory, that is, the exploration and practice of the fundamental political system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. As one of the three basic political systems in China, the practice of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) system has prominent significance for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Swiss democracy shares similarities with CPPCC because of the same theoretical model between China and Switzerland. On the other hand, differences exist resulting from different social systems and historical development. Exploring the similarities and differences is of positive significance for the further development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics in the new era.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":" 1122","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid warfare, an ambiguous term in academia, has recently gained traction in scholarly work. However, its manifestation appears too vague in terms of observable phenomena. In the case of Pakistan, hybrid warfare has become more of a cliché or jargon. The nation contends with hybrid warfare on all fronts. Due to political instability and fragile governance, it has become an easy target for adversaries to employ hybrid warfare against, especially since its nuclearization. While this constant use of hybrid warfare may have made Pakistan resilient on the military front, it has had a far-reaching impact on Pakistani society. From the human development index to economic development, Pakistan has undergone a phase marked by a significant loss of peace and harmony. The research paper explores these implications in detail to foster an understanding of its impacts on Pakistan.
{"title":"Hybrid Warfare on Pakistan: Examining the Determinants and Impact","authors":"Muhammad Ali Baig, Mehmood Ali","doi":"10.59111/jpd.004.01.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.004.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid warfare, an ambiguous term in academia, has recently gained traction in scholarly work. However, its manifestation appears too vague in terms of observable phenomena. In the case of Pakistan, hybrid warfare has become more of a cliché or jargon. The nation contends with hybrid warfare on all fronts. Due to political instability and fragile governance, it has become an easy target for adversaries to employ hybrid warfare against, especially since its nuclearization. While this constant use of hybrid warfare may have made Pakistan resilient on the military front, it has had a far-reaching impact on Pakistani society. From the human development index to economic development, Pakistan has undergone a phase marked by a significant loss of peace and harmony. The research paper explores these implications in detail to foster an understanding of its impacts on Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China has been engaged in many economic initiatives, like investing in Israeli high-tech start-ups, promoting tourism and developing infrastructure. The purpose of China taking these initiatives is to make better economic connections with countries to facilitate the peace-building process. China is using this economic strategy to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine in contrast to the traditional diplomatic approach used by the United States. The above-mentioned economic development strategy of China creates a loop where good economic relations will lead to peaceful coexistence and economic prosperity. Therefore, this research aims to explore the “how” factor to understand the contribution of innovative strategy, based on economic incentives, to resolving conflicts specifically between Israel and Palestine. This research thoroughly analyzes China's economic development strategy for its relevance to conflict resolution in the Middle East. The study utilizes primary and secondary sources, including existing literature, policy documents, official statements, case studies, and data analysis. Special attention is given to the complex political landscape of the Israel-Palestine region, considering the involvement of various external actors and the deep-seated feelings of distrust between Israel and Palestine. The paper adopts a comprehensive approach to assess China's strategy as a potential avenue for conflict resolution.
{"title":"A New Path to Peace: China’s Economic Development Strategy in the Middle East","authors":"Ramsha Kalhoro, Syed Fakhar Hassan","doi":"10.59111/jpd.004.01.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.004.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"China has been engaged in many economic initiatives, like investing in Israeli high-tech start-ups, promoting tourism and developing infrastructure. The purpose of China taking these initiatives is to make better economic connections with countries to facilitate the peace-building process. China is using this economic strategy to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine in contrast to the traditional diplomatic approach used by the United States. The above-mentioned economic development strategy of China creates a loop where good economic relations will lead to peaceful coexistence and economic prosperity. Therefore, this research aims to explore the “how” factor to understand the contribution of innovative strategy, based on economic incentives, to resolving conflicts specifically between Israel and Palestine. This research thoroughly analyzes China's economic development strategy for its relevance to conflict resolution in the Middle East. The study utilizes primary and secondary sources, including existing literature, policy documents, official statements, case studies, and data analysis. Special attention is given to the complex political landscape of the Israel-Palestine region, considering the involvement of various external actors and the deep-seated feelings of distrust between Israel and Palestine. The paper adopts a comprehensive approach to assess China's strategy as a potential avenue for conflict resolution.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"111 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid Warfare represents a sophisticated amalgamation of diverse warfare strategies, seamlessly blending both conventional and non-conventional techniques. This nuanced approach encompasses an array of tactics, incorporating elements from fake news to cybercrimes, civil unrest to economic warfare, and diplomacy to separatist movements. Also recognized as asymmetrical or new-generation warfare, its primary objective is not confrontation but to meticulously identify and exploit the fault lines, vulnerabilities, and trigger points within the targeted nation. Pakistan has been subject to hybrid security threats from its historic rival India since the day of independence. The paper sheds light on Indian hybrid warfare against Pakistan which broadly encompasses political and diplomatic support to the separatist movements, targeted campaigns on social media, and hindering the timely completion of CPEC and other developmental projects. Given the intensity of hybrid security threats and their fall-flanged impact on the peace, development, and security of the state, the article has attempted to provide comprehensive policy options for Pakistan to effectively counter the hybrid threats.
{"title":"Hybrid Warfare: Strategies and Counterstrategies in the India-Pakistan Rivalry","authors":"Natasha Matloob, Nayab Matloob, Sumbal Ishaq","doi":"10.59111/jpd.004.01.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.004.01.043","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid Warfare represents a sophisticated amalgamation of diverse warfare strategies, seamlessly blending both conventional and non-conventional techniques. This nuanced approach encompasses an array of tactics, incorporating elements from fake news to cybercrimes, civil unrest to economic warfare, and diplomacy to separatist movements. Also recognized as asymmetrical or new-generation warfare, its primary objective is not confrontation but to meticulously identify and exploit the fault lines, vulnerabilities, and trigger points within the targeted nation. Pakistan has been subject to hybrid security threats from its historic rival India since the day of independence. The paper sheds light on Indian hybrid warfare against Pakistan which broadly encompasses political and diplomatic support to the separatist movements, targeted campaigns on social media, and hindering the timely completion of CPEC and other developmental projects. Given the intensity of hybrid security threats and their fall-flanged impact on the peace, development, and security of the state, the article has attempted to provide comprehensive policy options for Pakistan to effectively counter the hybrid threats.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the persistent concern of global food security, particularly in developing nations where agricultural sectors faces various challenges, the increasing collaboration between China and Pakistan under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) presents an interesting case study for agricultural cooperation. This research explores the partnership, examining its evolution, potential, and inherent challenges. The analysis maps out the growth of bilateral trade between China and Pakistan from 2011 to 2019, analyzing policy frameworks, and explores the diverse fields of cooperation, including infrastructure, product processing, machinery, and information exchange. While highlighting promising prospects, it identifies challenges such as low enterprise competitiveness, limited information exchange, and political risks, all considered in the context of CPEC and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It emphasizes the transformative potential of China-Pakistan agricultural cooperation under CPEC, underscoring the importance of comprehensive planning and strategic approaches to maximize mutual benefits in the domain of international agricultural collaboration.
{"title":"Transformative Potential: A Comprehensive Analysis of China-Pakistan Agricultural Cooperation under CPEC","authors":"Umer Arshad, Tang Jun, Jiang Xue, Wang Yan","doi":"10.59111/jpd.004.01.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.004.01.042","url":null,"abstract":"Given the persistent concern of global food security, particularly in developing nations where agricultural sectors faces various challenges, the increasing collaboration between China and Pakistan under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) presents an interesting case study for agricultural cooperation. This research explores the partnership, examining its evolution, potential, and inherent challenges. The analysis maps out the growth of bilateral trade between China and Pakistan from 2011 to 2019, analyzing policy frameworks, and explores the diverse fields of cooperation, including infrastructure, product processing, machinery, and information exchange. While highlighting promising prospects, it identifies challenges such as low enterprise competitiveness, limited information exchange, and political risks, all considered in the context of CPEC and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It emphasizes the transformative potential of China-Pakistan agricultural cooperation under CPEC, underscoring the importance of comprehensive planning and strategic approaches to maximize mutual benefits in the domain of international agricultural collaboration.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"121 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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