Provision of Frequency Support by Wind Power Plants: Assessment of Compliance with Grid Codes

Abstract

This paper implements and compares, from the compliance with grid code viewpoint, between the key concepts to enable wind power short-term frequency support using direct and indirect methods. The supplementary controllers that could be integrated into the wind turbine represent the direct methods. Meanwhile the indirect method is the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide this crucial service. These methods are widely investigated in the literature where pitch de-loading is the main concept applied to provide direct frequency support, and the concept of kinetic energy (KE) extraction is also considered. The paper exploits the compliance with a certain generic Grid Code. The compliance tests are executed under different patterns of incident wind speed, including intermittent wind of high time resolution.