Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810660
G. Frigo, A. Derviškadić, Y. Zuo, A. Bach, M. Paolone
The development of software models of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) within Real-Time Simulators (RTSs) represents a promising tool for the design and validation of monitoring and control applications in electrical power networks. In this sense, it is necessary to find an optimal trade-off between computational complexity and estimation accuracy. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of two new PMU models within the Opal-RT eMEGAsim RTS. The synchrophasor estimation algorithm relies on a Compressive Sensing Taylor-Fourier Model (CS-TFM) approach, and enables us to extract the dynamic phasor associated to the signal fundamental component. The estimation accuracy of the proposed models is characterized with respect to the compliance tests of the IEEE Std. C37.118.1.
{"title":"Taylor-Fourier PMU on a Real-Time Simulator: Design, Implementation and Characterization","authors":"G. Frigo, A. Derviškadić, Y. Zuo, A. Bach, M. Paolone","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810660","url":null,"abstract":"The development of software models of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) within Real-Time Simulators (RTSs) represents a promising tool for the design and validation of monitoring and control applications in electrical power networks. In this sense, it is necessary to find an optimal trade-off between computational complexity and estimation accuracy. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of two new PMU models within the Opal-RT eMEGAsim RTS. The synchrophasor estimation algorithm relies on a Compressive Sensing Taylor-Fourier Model (CS-TFM) approach, and enables us to extract the dynamic phasor associated to the signal fundamental component. The estimation accuracy of the proposed models is characterized with respect to the compliance tests of the IEEE Std. C37.118.1.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114313349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810497
Hassan Haes Alhelou, M. Golshan, R. Zamani, M. P. Moghaddam, Takawira Cuthbert Njenda, P. Siano, M. Marzband
In the event of a power system disturbance, it is important that the decision to implement under frequency load shedding is based on both the minimum frequency and the magnitude of the disturbance. In this paper, we propose the use of higher order polynomial curve fitting to estimate the minimum frequency. If the prediction shows that the minimum frequency threshold will be violated, the magnitude of the total disturbance is estimated using the swing equation. In addition, the minimum amount of load that must be shed to restore the frequency just above the minimum value can also be directly calculated. Simulations are carried out for the considered Taiwan power system and the results prove the efficiency of the proposed technique.
{"title":"An Improved UFLS Scheme based on Estimated Minimum Frequency and Power Deficit","authors":"Hassan Haes Alhelou, M. Golshan, R. Zamani, M. P. Moghaddam, Takawira Cuthbert Njenda, P. Siano, M. Marzband","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810497","url":null,"abstract":"In the event of a power system disturbance, it is important that the decision to implement under frequency load shedding is based on both the minimum frequency and the magnitude of the disturbance. In this paper, we propose the use of higher order polynomial curve fitting to estimate the minimum frequency. If the prediction shows that the minimum frequency threshold will be violated, the magnitude of the total disturbance is estimated using the swing equation. In addition, the minimum amount of load that must be shed to restore the frequency just above the minimum value can also be directly calculated. Simulations are carried out for the considered Taiwan power system and the results prove the efficiency of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131192216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810551
T. Joseph, S. Balasubramaniam, Gen Li, Jun Liang, Wenlong Ming, A. Moon, Kevin Smith, James Yu
Medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) technology has been widely considered as a key enabler to generate, convert and dispense electrical power with enhanced connectivity, security and quality. However, with the significant deployment of power electronics converters with high-switching frequency in MVDC systems, accurate analysis of system dynamic behavior such as harmonic distortions have become a computationally intensive task. To address these challenge average models of converters have been proposed to facilitate faster computation. However, these models only capture the steady-state characteristics of the system. To this end, in this paper, three types of time-domain based converter models: detailed, average and switching average models are presented for harmonic studies. The suitability of the modelling fidelity in reducing substantial simulation time has been validated with a practical converter topology used for the first MVDC link in Europe. Simulation based on the switching average model is shown to provide all relevant information as obtained from the detailed switching model while consuming considerably less computation time than the latter.
{"title":"Dynamic Average Converter Model for MVDC Link Harmonic Analysis","authors":"T. Joseph, S. Balasubramaniam, Gen Li, Jun Liang, Wenlong Ming, A. Moon, Kevin Smith, James Yu","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810551","url":null,"abstract":"Medium-voltage direct-current (MVDC) technology has been widely considered as a key enabler to generate, convert and dispense electrical power with enhanced connectivity, security and quality. However, with the significant deployment of power electronics converters with high-switching frequency in MVDC systems, accurate analysis of system dynamic behavior such as harmonic distortions have become a computationally intensive task. To address these challenge average models of converters have been proposed to facilitate faster computation. However, these models only capture the steady-state characteristics of the system. To this end, in this paper, three types of time-domain based converter models: detailed, average and switching average models are presented for harmonic studies. The suitability of the modelling fidelity in reducing substantial simulation time has been validated with a practical converter topology used for the first MVDC link in Europe. Simulation based on the switching average model is shown to provide all relevant information as obtained from the detailed switching model while consuming considerably less computation time than the latter.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"58 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132701552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810421
Hamidreza Mirtaheri, Alessandro Bortoletto, M. Fantino, A. Mazza, M. Marzband
In the last years, the electricity system has been subject to a paradigm change, due to increasing share of installed renewable energy sources-based power plants. This fact is leading electrical system - which proper operation was however affected by the intermittent nature of renewables - to become more “green”. The union of energy chain de-carbonization with service reliability opens new opportunities for storage systems, although their relatively high cost highlighted the importance of optimal decisions in sizing, placing and operation of such systems. For addressing these aspects, appropriate mathematical models and optimization methods are needed: in this paper, a novel and efficient hybrid optimization algorithm is introduced, to solve i) sizing, ii) placement and iii) operation of arbitrary storage systems. This method is then applied to a low voltage grid, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
{"title":"Optimal Planning and Operation Scheduling of Battery Storage Units in Distribution Systems","authors":"Hamidreza Mirtaheri, Alessandro Bortoletto, M. Fantino, A. Mazza, M. Marzband","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810421","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, the electricity system has been subject to a paradigm change, due to increasing share of installed renewable energy sources-based power plants. This fact is leading electrical system - which proper operation was however affected by the intermittent nature of renewables - to become more “green”. The union of energy chain de-carbonization with service reliability opens new opportunities for storage systems, although their relatively high cost highlighted the importance of optimal decisions in sizing, placing and operation of such systems. For addressing these aspects, appropriate mathematical models and optimization methods are needed: in this paper, a novel and efficient hybrid optimization algorithm is introduced, to solve i) sizing, ii) placement and iii) operation of arbitrary storage systems. This method is then applied to a low voltage grid, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129169568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810552
Zhe Chen, Zhaoyang Wang, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi
The paper discusses specific frequency-domain properties of the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) method applied to locate faults and, more in general, disturbances in power networks. Specifically, we investigate the properties of two transfer functions: (i) the direct-time transfer function relating the source of disturbance and the induced transients at the observation point, and (ii) the reversed-time transfer function relating the time-reversed back-injected transients and the characterization variables at a guessed location along the line. We show that, at the exact location of the disturbance, the two transfer functions are identical. This property can potentially be used as an efficient means to locate sources of disturbances in EMTR-based systems. Making reference to typical power lines and underground cables, the developed transfer function property is numerically illustrated
{"title":"Properties of Direct-Time and Reversed-Time Transfer Functions to Locate Disturbances along Power Transmission Lines","authors":"Zhe Chen, Zhaoyang Wang, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810552","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses specific frequency-domain properties of the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) method applied to locate faults and, more in general, disturbances in power networks. Specifically, we investigate the properties of two transfer functions: (i) the direct-time transfer function relating the source of disturbance and the induced transients at the observation point, and (ii) the reversed-time transfer function relating the time-reversed back-injected transients and the characterization variables at a guessed location along the line. We show that, at the exact location of the disturbance, the two transfer functions are identical. This property can potentially be used as an efficient means to locate sources of disturbances in EMTR-based systems. Making reference to typical power lines and underground cables, the developed transfer function property is numerically illustrated","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121010208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810791
M. Akmal, F. Al-naemi, N. Iqbal, Anas Al-Tarabsheh, Lasantha Gunaruwan Meegahapola
Distributed generation (DG) has gained popularity among electricity end users who are determined to contribute to a cleaner environment by conforming to green and sustainable energy sources for various daily needs. The power system impact of such trends (e.g. roof-top solar-PV) need thorough investigation, such as impact on fault current levels on the distribution network. Varying fault current levels could adversely affect the operation of protection relays, which may lead to localized blackouts. Therefore, it is imperative to avoid localised blackouts due to mal-operation of protective relays under high penetration of DGs in distribution network. The focus of this research is to study the importance and implications of protective relays and over-current protection in the presence of distributed generation; where the impact of distributed generation on distribution network is identified. Relay coordination is observed to determine their operation characteristics to avoid mal-operation with the presence of DGs (e.g. solar-PV). This paper uses the UK generic distribution network model to simulate different scenarios in DIgSILENT Power Factory. The resulting power quality measures, such as voltage levels, short-circuit current levels and frequency are presented and discussed in the paper. The research highlights that small-scale DG penetration allows for existing protection infrastructure to continue operation and expensive upgrades for overall network are not required as fault levels remain the same.
{"title":"Impact of Distributed PV Generation on Relay Coordination and Power Quality","authors":"M. Akmal, F. Al-naemi, N. Iqbal, Anas Al-Tarabsheh, Lasantha Gunaruwan Meegahapola","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810791","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation (DG) has gained popularity among electricity end users who are determined to contribute to a cleaner environment by conforming to green and sustainable energy sources for various daily needs. The power system impact of such trends (e.g. roof-top solar-PV) need thorough investigation, such as impact on fault current levels on the distribution network. Varying fault current levels could adversely affect the operation of protection relays, which may lead to localized blackouts. Therefore, it is imperative to avoid localised blackouts due to mal-operation of protective relays under high penetration of DGs in distribution network. The focus of this research is to study the importance and implications of protective relays and over-current protection in the presence of distributed generation; where the impact of distributed generation on distribution network is identified. Relay coordination is observed to determine their operation characteristics to avoid mal-operation with the presence of DGs (e.g. solar-PV). This paper uses the UK generic distribution network model to simulate different scenarios in DIgSILENT Power Factory. The resulting power quality measures, such as voltage levels, short-circuit current levels and frequency are presented and discussed in the paper. The research highlights that small-scale DG penetration allows for existing protection infrastructure to continue operation and expensive upgrades for overall network are not required as fault levels remain the same.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115033644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810579
C. Parthasarathy, H. Hafezi, H. Laaksonen, K. Kauhaniemi
Ever-growing energy needs and larger penetration of renewable energy in the power grids with higher intermittency in power generation cause the need for flexible energy sources. Flexible sources such as distributed generation, demand response, electric vehicles etc. play a dominant role in providing flexibility in services such as frequency, voltage and power balance control in smart grids. Given the present state of technology and economic maturity of battery energy storage systems (BESS), has a lot of potential to fulfill increasing power systems rapid, short-term flexibility needs. In this paper, a case study on hybrid photovoltaic (PV) arrays & lithium ion based BESS as flexible energy sources are integrated in medium voltage (MV) network side in local pilot network, Sundom Smart Grid (SSG). Vaasa, Finland. Sundom Smart grid is modelled based on real time data on energy consumption and generation streamed from network. Role of batteries as a flexible energy source in the PV & BESS hybrid for power balance flexibility application is demonstrated by means of Matlab simulations.
{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of Hybrid PV & BES Systems as Flexible Resources in Smartgrids – Sundom Smart Grid Case","authors":"C. Parthasarathy, H. Hafezi, H. Laaksonen, K. Kauhaniemi","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810579","url":null,"abstract":"Ever-growing energy needs and larger penetration of renewable energy in the power grids with higher intermittency in power generation cause the need for flexible energy sources. Flexible sources such as distributed generation, demand response, electric vehicles etc. play a dominant role in providing flexibility in services such as frequency, voltage and power balance control in smart grids. Given the present state of technology and economic maturity of battery energy storage systems (BESS), has a lot of potential to fulfill increasing power systems rapid, short-term flexibility needs. In this paper, a case study on hybrid photovoltaic (PV) arrays & lithium ion based BESS as flexible energy sources are integrated in medium voltage (MV) network side in local pilot network, Sundom Smart Grid (SSG). Vaasa, Finland. Sundom Smart grid is modelled based on real time data on energy consumption and generation streamed from network. Role of batteries as a flexible energy source in the PV & BESS hybrid for power balance flexibility application is demonstrated by means of Matlab simulations.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125478908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810549
M. Nick, M. Bozorg, R. Cherkaoui, M. Paolone
In this paper we present an adaptive robust optimization framework for the day-ahead scheduling of Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) where the controlled devices are distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). First, the targeted problem is formulated using a two-stage optimization approach. The first-stage decisions determine the amount of import/export energy from the external grid at each hour, as well as energy exchanges for each ESS. The second stage deals with the intra-day control, given the first stage decisions. In order to effectively consider the impacts of uncertainties, the problem is transformed into a ‘min-max-min’ formulation. Here, we minimize the first (day-ahead scheduling) and second stage (intra-day operation) costs while uncertainties are maximally affecting the cost function of the second stage. The Benders dual cut algorithm is employed for the solution of the optimization problem. IEEE 34 bus standard network is the benchmark grid for assessing the performances and effectiveness of the developed robust optimization process.
{"title":"A Robust Optimization Framework for the Day-Ahead Scheduling of Active Distribution Networks including Energy Storage Systems","authors":"M. Nick, M. Bozorg, R. Cherkaoui, M. Paolone","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810549","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an adaptive robust optimization framework for the day-ahead scheduling of Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) where the controlled devices are distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESSs). First, the targeted problem is formulated using a two-stage optimization approach. The first-stage decisions determine the amount of import/export energy from the external grid at each hour, as well as energy exchanges for each ESS. The second stage deals with the intra-day control, given the first stage decisions. In order to effectively consider the impacts of uncertainties, the problem is transformed into a ‘min-max-min’ formulation. Here, we minimize the first (day-ahead scheduling) and second stage (intra-day operation) costs while uncertainties are maximally affecting the cost function of the second stage. The Benders dual cut algorithm is employed for the solution of the optimization problem. IEEE 34 bus standard network is the benchmark grid for assessing the performances and effectiveness of the developed robust optimization process.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128722105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810454
Jean Ubertalli, Tim Brian Littler
This paper investigates the role of grid-level battery energy storage in delivering measured reserve to supplant traditional synchronous units for frequency response support in the context of high renewable generation penetration. Dynamic simulation is performed on a modified 39-Bus New England model to assess and evaluate the impact of embedded storage for fast frequency support. The paper proposes a response strategy for sudden changes in frequency with storage acting in the dual role of limiting frequency nadir excursion while delivering synthetic inertia to the grid.
{"title":"Extending the Reach of Traditional Frequency Control for Fast Responses","authors":"Jean Ubertalli, Tim Brian Littler","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810454","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the role of grid-level battery energy storage in delivering measured reserve to supplant traditional synchronous units for frequency response support in the context of high renewable generation penetration. Dynamic simulation is performed on a modified 39-Bus New England model to assess and evaluate the impact of embedded storage for fast frequency support. The paper proposes a response strategy for sudden changes in frequency with storage acting in the dual role of limiting frequency nadir excursion while delivering synthetic inertia to the grid.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114152822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810978
A. Attya
This paper implements and compares, from the compliance with grid code viewpoint, between the key concepts to enable wind power short-term frequency support using direct and indirect methods. The supplementary controllers that could be integrated into the wind turbine represent the direct methods. Meanwhile the indirect method is the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide this crucial service. These methods are widely investigated in the literature where pitch de-loading is the main concept applied to provide direct frequency support, and the concept of kinetic energy (KE) extraction is also considered. The paper exploits the compliance with a certain generic Grid Code. The compliance tests are executed under different patterns of incident wind speed, including intermittent wind of high time resolution.
{"title":"Provision of Frequency Support by Wind Power Plants: Assessment of Compliance with Grid Codes","authors":"A. Attya","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2019.8810978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2019.8810978","url":null,"abstract":"This paper implements and compares, from the compliance with grid code viewpoint, between the key concepts to enable wind power short-term frequency support using direct and indirect methods. The supplementary controllers that could be integrated into the wind turbine represent the direct methods. Meanwhile the indirect method is the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide this crucial service. These methods are widely investigated in the literature where pitch de-loading is the main concept applied to provide direct frequency support, and the concept of kinetic energy (KE) extraction is also considered. The paper exploits the compliance with a certain generic Grid Code. The compliance tests are executed under different patterns of incident wind speed, including intermittent wind of high time resolution.","PeriodicalId":187144,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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