Heidegger'de Dış Dünyanın Varlığı ve Gerçeklik Meselesi

Abstract

Heidegger finds the debates about “the existence of the external world” and “reality” meaningless, which traditional philosophy cannot avoid. According to him, believing in the existence of the external world or trying to prove this reality or assuming it originates from the understanding of a subject trying to convince himself of the existence of a world. However, in a deeper look, all this questioning and the search/rush to find evidence for the existence of the external world is possible only because Dasein is beingin-the-world /In der Welt Sein. In fact, in all things we encounter, we understand the world together and act on this ground. Human being is not facing the world and trying to understand it, he/she has sumberged into the world. That’s why our view needs to understand the human being and the world together. The search for evidence for the existence of the external world derives its existence from the subject-object distinction, which is the common ground of both idealism and realism. Thus, the investigation of the evidence for the existence of the external world emerges as the question of whether reality is independent of consciousness or consciousness can transcend the sphere of reality. In this discussion Heidegger on the one hand argues that being cannot be reduced to the sum of beings, on the other hand, he argues that there is no possibility of understanding being outside the experiential possibilities of human being. Heidegger takes the side of realism when he says that with Dasein as being-in-the-world, the beings in the world are always revealed. On the other side, with his understanding that the inability of being to be explained by beings he agrees on idealism to the extent that it sees that reality is only possible within the understanding of being. Therefore, Heidegger’s position in the investigation into the existence of the external world is beyond realism and idealism when considered in its entirety.