FEATURES OF LOCALIZATION OF BRAIN TUMORS WITH DIFFERENT HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

Abstract

Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of various intracranial tumors, benign or malignant, primary and secondary, which develop due to the launch of the process of abnormal uncontrolled division of cells. In the structure of the total cancer incidence, brain tumors account for 0.7-1.5 % cases. The distribution of primary brain tumors in the population ranges 4 to 14 (more often 5-7) per 100 thousand population. Whereby, in Ukraine the incidence of brain tumors in men is 10.2 per 100 thousand population, and among women 7.6 per 100 thousand population. The mortality rate ranks 3rd among all causes of death. Most often, the detection of this pathology is observed at the age of 20 to 50 years. A sample analysis of 37 medical records of patients with brain tumors of different localization, who were having inpatient treatment in neurological departments of the Municipal Institution of the Sumy Regional Council "Sumy Regional Clinical Hospital" and the Municipal Non-profit Enterprise "Clinical Hospital No. 4" of the Sumy City Council in 2015-2017, was carried out. Among the patients there were 14 (37.8 %) women and 23 (62.2 %) men. The mean age was 45.5 ± 3.8 years. Instrumental examination was carried out over time using magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T) and computer tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement over time (before and after surgery). The condition of the brain tissues was evaluated before and after surgical intervention, the localization and the presence/absence of secondary swelling of the brain tissue was determined. The pathohistological study was conducted in the conditions of the certified laboratory of the Regional Municipal Institution of Sumy Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary. Processing of statistical data was carried out using the licensed version of IBM SPSS Statistics 17 program. Purpose and objectives of the study: to analyze topographic, histological and clinical peculiarities of brain tumors. Our study established that space occupying lesions of the brain significantly more often were localized in the temporal lobes (16 patients – 43.2 %), most often was diagnosed astrocytoma, localized in the frontal areas (7 patients – 18.9 %). During the analysis of the results of neurological examination of patients it was found that focal syndrome was significantly predominant in 20 (54.1 %) patients, among whom astrocytoma was verified in 18 (48.6 %) of the examined. We have not found the dependence of the development of leading focal or hypertensive syndromes on the localization of brain tumors (р ˃ 0.5). Secondary edema of peripheral brain tissues was diagnosed in 21 (56.8 %) patients. Astrocytoma – 11 (52.4% of the total number of patients with edema), was significantly more aggressive in terms of development of the studied complication.