Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):166-173
O. Shkolnуk, O. K. Yefimenko, Y. Sharhorodska, O. N. Malanchuk
In Ukraine, the state of pregnancy in adolescent girls aged 13–17 years is considered early or adolescent pregnancy. The problems of teenage pregnancy are extremely relevant in Ukraine: in ten years, almost 100,000 girls aged 16–17 became mothers, solving the problems of teenage births. The urgency of the problem of pregnancy in young girls gives grounds to consider and treat this issue as a serious social and psychological problem that requires further study and development of measures to prevent it. The purpose of the research is to study the state of reproductive health in young women among the population of Lviv region, determining the frequency of adolescent pregnancy and taking into account the contribution of gynecological pathology and menstrual disorders. A retrospective analysis of the primary medical records of 134 young women was conducted. We studied the frequency of adolescent births, social status, medical surveillance coverage during pregnancy, reproductive history in adolescent women for 4 years in Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. Analysis of the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy showed that the frequency of childbirth in young women remained stable for four years: in 2014–2017, in the maternity wards of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, 134 women under the age of 18 gave birth, which is 0.82–0.98% of the total number of births. A significant majority (p <0.05) of them (78 women) were 17 years old (that is 58.2%) and 84 women lived in rural areas (62.7%); 97 women were not married (72.4%). Only 1/3 (34.3%) of young women were registered in a women's clinic before 12 weeks of pregnancy, and 10.4% of them were not followed up by doctors at all during pregnancy. The study of menstrual dysfunction, namely irregular menstruation, showed the presence of this indicator in more than 1/2 (80–59.7%) out of 134 young women. According to the results of the study, despite their young age, 127 (94.8%) of 134 women were pregnant for the first time, and 7 (5.2%) women had consecutive pregnancy. Among 7 (5.2%) women who had consecutive pregnancy, only 4 (3.0%) had an uncomplicated pregnancy, and three (2.2%) subjects had a history of one (0.7%) silent miscarriage, premature birth, medical abortion. More than 1/3 (50–37.3%) of young women gave birth to children with poor health. The most common cause of reproductive disorders in young women of the main group was prematurity of newborns (37.3%). The data obtained indicate the feasibility of studying adolescent motherhood, which will be especially valuable in the context of developing effective demographic policies.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE STATE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN YOUNG WOMEN AMONG THE POPULATION OF LVIV REGION","authors":"O. Shkolnуk, O. K. Yefimenko, Y. Sharhorodska, O. N. Malanchuk","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):166-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):166-173","url":null,"abstract":"In Ukraine, the state of pregnancy in adolescent girls aged 13–17 years is considered early or adolescent pregnancy. The problems of teenage pregnancy are extremely relevant in Ukraine: in ten years, almost 100,000 girls aged 16–17 became mothers, solving the problems of teenage births. The urgency of the problem of pregnancy in young girls gives grounds to consider and treat this issue as a serious social and psychological problem that requires further study and development of measures to prevent it.\u0000The purpose of the research is to study the state of reproductive health in young women among the population of Lviv region, determining the frequency of adolescent pregnancy and taking into account the contribution of gynecological pathology and menstrual disorders.\u0000A retrospective analysis of the primary medical records of 134 young women was conducted. We studied the frequency of adolescent births, social status, medical surveillance coverage during pregnancy, reproductive history in adolescent women for 4 years in Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital.\u0000Analysis of the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy showed that the frequency of childbirth in young women remained stable for four years: in 2014–2017, in the maternity wards of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, 134 women under the age of 18 gave birth, which is 0.82–0.98% of the total number of births.\u0000A significant majority (p <0.05) of them (78 women) were 17 years old (that is 58.2%) and 84 women lived in rural areas (62.7%); 97 women were not married (72.4%). Only 1/3 (34.3%) of young women were registered in a women's clinic before 12 weeks of pregnancy, and 10.4% of them were not followed up by doctors at all during pregnancy. The study of menstrual dysfunction, namely irregular menstruation, showed the presence of this indicator in more than 1/2 (80–59.7%) out of 134 young women. According to the results of the study, despite their young age, 127 (94.8%) of 134 women were pregnant for the first time, and 7 (5.2%) women had consecutive pregnancy. Among 7 (5.2%) women who had consecutive pregnancy, only 4 (3.0%) had an uncomplicated pregnancy, and three (2.2%) subjects had a history of one (0.7%) silent miscarriage, premature birth, medical abortion. More than 1/3 (50–37.3%) of young women gave birth to children with poor health. The most common cause of reproductive disorders in young women of the main group was prematurity of newborns (37.3%). The data obtained indicate the feasibility of studying adolescent motherhood, which will be especially valuable in the context of developing effective demographic policies.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127192731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):189-201
O. Smiyan, A. Loboda, A. Havrylenko, Tatiana Bynda, S. Popov, Yurii Reznychenko, O. Vasylieva, Viktoriia Petrashenko, P. I. Sichnenko, K. Smiian, Yu. A. Man’ko, I. Shkolna, T. Aleksakhina, Yuliia Syadrista
The problem of acute respiratory tract infections (including acute bronchitis) remains urgent in the whole world independent of human age, especially when disease rates are considered. The World Health Organization reports annually on 1.5 billion cases of acute respiratory diseases. In Ukraine, the disease rate is 3.6 times higher among children than among adults (totally, it is equal to 67,000 cases per 100,000 individuals). The highest rate is observed among under-6-year-old children. In contrast to the average bronchopulmonary disease rate in Europe, the same Ukrainian index remains slightly higher for the last decades. Among children, the acute bronchitis rate is 6.2–25.0% within all bronchopulmonary diseases, reaching 50.0–90.0% if there are recurrences. Our literature review aims to compare different researchers’ perspectives, selecting articles and analyzing data as to how thyroid hormones and cortisol influence immune response in children’s bronchopulmonary diseases. In the literature review, the modern perspective of children’s hormonal state in bronchopulmonary diseases is studied. The hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid and hypothalamus-hypophysis-paranephros interaction roles in bronchopulmonary adaptive responses are explained. The thyroid hormone and cortisol importance for organism resistance are regarded. The manifestation, pathogenetic progress mechanisms, diagnosing methods, and treatment of different subclinical hormonal shifts (particularly euthyroid sick syndrome) are researched. The interconnection of hormonal and immunological indicators is covered (whose change is a predictively significant marker – that can foresee the disease progress, its duration and consequences for patients). Therefore, the relevance consists in researching the influence of thyroid hormones and cortisol on immune response by different pathological states of children’s bronchopulmonary diseases.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONES AND CORTISOL ON IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CASE OF CHILDREN’S BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES","authors":"O. Smiyan, A. Loboda, A. Havrylenko, Tatiana Bynda, S. Popov, Yurii Reznychenko, O. Vasylieva, Viktoriia Petrashenko, P. I. Sichnenko, K. Smiian, Yu. A. Man’ko, I. Shkolna, T. Aleksakhina, Yuliia Syadrista","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):189-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):189-201","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of acute respiratory tract infections (including acute bronchitis) remains urgent in the whole world independent of human age, especially when disease rates are considered. The World Health Organization reports annually on 1.5 billion cases of acute respiratory diseases. In Ukraine, the disease rate is 3.6 times higher among children than among adults (totally, it is equal to 67,000 cases per 100,000 individuals). The highest rate is observed among under-6-year-old children. In contrast to the average bronchopulmonary disease rate in Europe, the same Ukrainian index remains slightly higher for the last decades. Among children, the acute bronchitis rate is 6.2–25.0% within all bronchopulmonary diseases, reaching 50.0–90.0% if there are recurrences.\u0000Our literature review aims to compare different researchers’ perspectives, selecting articles and analyzing data as to how thyroid hormones and cortisol influence immune response in children’s bronchopulmonary diseases. In the literature review, the modern perspective of children’s hormonal state in bronchopulmonary diseases is studied. The hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid and hypothalamus-hypophysis-paranephros interaction roles in bronchopulmonary adaptive responses are explained. The thyroid hormone and cortisol importance for organism resistance are regarded. The manifestation, pathogenetic progress mechanisms, diagnosing methods, and treatment of different subclinical hormonal shifts (particularly euthyroid sick syndrome) are researched. The interconnection of hormonal and immunological indicators is covered (whose change is a predictively significant marker – that can foresee the disease progress, its duration and consequences for patients). Therefore, the relevance consists in researching the influence of thyroid hormones and cortisol on immune response by different pathological states of children’s bronchopulmonary diseases.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):124-128
I. Duzhiy, V. Shimko, H. Pyatikop, Navras D. Al Yamani
Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most common surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity. Its incidence has been constantly increasing in recent years. Mortality remains high with pancreatitis: 15–45%. To study capacity for increasing the effectiveness of treatment of acute pancreatitis by lymphotropic administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. We observed 17 patients with acute pancreatitis, with the average age of 47.7 years; all patients were hospitalized within the first two days of the disease. The treatment was performed in addition to the infusion therapy in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 297 dated April 2, 2010, using lymphotropic administration of antibacterial therapy, which was tested at the Department of Surgery of SSU and differed in that antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs were injected regionally into the pancreas. In the first 4 days, according to the ultrasound findings, the size of the inflamed pancreas decreased from 31.25, 18.5, and 27.25 cm to 25.25, 15.75, and 18 cm, and the size of the spleen decreased from 262.64 cm3 to 160.99 cm3, which is the evidence of drug targeted effect on the pancreas and spleen. Lymphotropic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy used for 4 days reduced the size of the head, body and tail of the gland by 6.4, 3.9, and 7.0 cm. The reduction in the size of the gland contributed to the elimination of clinical signs of inflammation, especially pain, and leukocytes number decrease, which indicates the "targeted" effect of the drugs. The reduction in the size of the spleen from 308.9 cm3 to 227.1 cm3 proves the effect produced by lymphotropic use of drugs on the immune system. This is also supported by corrected immunoglobulin levels.
{"title":"THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF LYMPHOTROPIC ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY FOR ACUTE PANCREATITIS","authors":"I. Duzhiy, V. Shimko, H. Pyatikop, Navras D. Al Yamani","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):124-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):124-128","url":null,"abstract":"Acute pancreatitis remains one of the most common surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity. Its incidence has been constantly increasing in recent years. Mortality remains high with pancreatitis: 15–45%.\u0000To study capacity for increasing the effectiveness of treatment of acute pancreatitis by lymphotropic administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs.\u0000We observed 17 patients with acute pancreatitis, with the average age of 47.7 years; all patients were hospitalized within the first two days of the disease. The treatment was performed in addition to the infusion therapy in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 297 dated April 2, 2010, using lymphotropic administration of antibacterial therapy, which was tested at the Department of Surgery of SSU and differed in that antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs were injected regionally into the pancreas.\u0000In the first 4 days, according to the ultrasound findings, the size of the inflamed pancreas decreased from 31.25, 18.5, and 27.25 cm to 25.25, 15.75, and 18 cm, and the size of the spleen decreased from 262.64 cm3 to 160.99 cm3, which is the evidence of drug targeted effect on the pancreas and spleen.\u0000Lymphotropic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy used for 4 days reduced the size of the head, body and tail of the gland by 6.4, 3.9, and 7.0 cm. The reduction in the size of the gland contributed to the elimination of clinical signs of inflammation, especially pain, and leukocytes number decrease, which indicates the \"targeted\" effect of the drugs. The reduction in the size of the spleen from 308.9 cm3 to 227.1 cm3 proves the effect produced by lymphotropic use of drugs on the immune system. This is also supported by corrected immunoglobulin levels.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122178994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):157-165
O. Koloskova, T. Bilous, G. Bilyk, R. Tkachuk, M. Dikal
Respiratory diseases always account for a significant proportion of visits to the pediatrician or family doctor, and bronchitis is usually a frequent clinical manifestation of acute respiratory diseases. The doctor often faces the question of how to objectively assess the clinical picture of bronchitis, and now the assessment of respiratory symptoms is often based on criteria such as cough, shortness of breath or wheezing on auscultation. However, today there are practically no data on the severity of bronchitis in children depending on the above criteria. A cohort of 158 children with bronchitis was created at the pulmonology and allergology Department of the Municipal Medical Institution "Regional Children's Clinical Hospital" in Chernivtsi. The severity of bronchitis was assessed at the beginning and on the 3rd and 7th day of inpatient using the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS). According to this scale, mild bronchitis was verified in 30 patients which formed the I clinical group, and 128 children had moderate bronchitis (II clinical comparison group). Aggressive inflammation of the bronchi in children with moderate inflammation of the bronchial tree compared with patients with mild bronchitis was accompanied 1.6 times more often by recurrence, a history of episodes of community-acquired pneumonia in 9.4% of patients, long-term inpatient treatment (odds ratio 2.6) and halving the duration of the outpatient treatment period. The study of clinical severity of bronchitis in children of the comparison groups made it possible to establish an increase in the chances of a more severe course of the disease on the 7th day of hospitalization in children with moderate bronchitis (odds ratio 4.8) with persistence of cough in 68.7% of children in this group (odds ratio 3.8). Evaluation of inpatient treatment tactics indicated the need to increase the volume of complex therapy in patients with moderate bronchitis relative to children with mild disease (odds ratio 12.0, relative risk 8.8), as well as increasing the risk of the need for antibacterial therapy (odds ratio 3.7, relative risk 2.8) and the appointment of intravenous antibiotics for more than 3 days (odds ratio 5.0, relative risk 1.1).
{"title":"CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE COURSE AND ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT STRATEGY IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHITIS","authors":"O. Koloskova, T. Bilous, G. Bilyk, R. Tkachuk, M. Dikal","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):157-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2021;9(2):157-165","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory diseases always account for a significant proportion of visits to the pediatrician or family doctor, and bronchitis is usually a frequent clinical manifestation of acute respiratory diseases. The doctor often faces the question of how to objectively assess the clinical picture of bronchitis, and now the assessment of respiratory symptoms is often based on criteria such as cough, shortness of breath or wheezing on auscultation. However, today there are practically no data on the severity of bronchitis in children depending on the above criteria.\u0000A cohort of 158 children with bronchitis was created at the pulmonology and allergology Department of the Municipal Medical Institution \"Regional Children's Clinical Hospital\" in Chernivtsi. The severity of bronchitis was assessed at the beginning and on the 3rd and 7th day of inpatient using the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS). According to this scale, mild bronchitis was verified in 30 patients which formed the I clinical group, and 128 children had moderate bronchitis (II clinical comparison group).\u0000Aggressive inflammation of the bronchi in children with moderate inflammation of the bronchial tree compared with patients with mild bronchitis was accompanied 1.6 times more often by recurrence, a history of episodes of community-acquired pneumonia in 9.4% of patients, long-term inpatient treatment (odds ratio 2.6) and halving the duration of the outpatient treatment period. The study of clinical severity of bronchitis in children of the comparison groups made it possible to establish an increase in the chances of a more severe course of the disease on the 7th day of hospitalization in children with moderate bronchitis (odds ratio 4.8) with persistence of cough in 68.7% of children in this group (odds ratio 3.8). Evaluation of inpatient treatment tactics indicated the need to increase the volume of complex therapy in patients with moderate bronchitis relative to children with mild disease (odds ratio 12.0, relative risk 8.8), as well as increasing the risk of the need for antibacterial therapy (odds ratio 3.7, relative risk 2.8) and the appointment of intravenous antibiotics for more than 3 days (odds ratio 5.0, relative risk 1.1).","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128600869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.21272/EUMJ.2021;9(1):1-17
A. O. Ojetunde
Diabetes is a chronic disorder that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose (hyperglycemia) with alteration of protein, carbohydrates, and fat metabolism. Consequently, it can lead to renal failure, atherosclerosis, nerve damage, blindness, and coronary heart disease. It is also known as the 5th leading cause of death. Although, there are numerous types of glucose-lowering drugs that exhibit anti-diabetic effects but results of treatment in patients are still not so perfect. Therefore, many treatments that include the use of medicinal plants are suggested and encouraged. Medical plants are believed to contain chemical substances with potential curative effects and can often have anti-diabetic effects. This study introduced about 23 effective medicinal plants reported by various experimental researchers with the curative potential to treat diabetes. Although, most of the research used animal models, there is a clear indication that medicinal plants with anti-diabetic potentials are being investigated by several researchers. However, there is a need for further research to be conducted with isolated bioactive ingredients present in these plants in order to have potential ingredients that could be used as a pharmacological agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with fewer adverse effects. Again, the mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants in ameliorating diabetes need to be investigated.
{"title":"ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS","authors":"A. O. Ojetunde","doi":"10.21272/EUMJ.2021;9(1):1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/EUMJ.2021;9(1):1-17","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a chronic disorder that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose (hyperglycemia) with alteration of protein, carbohydrates, and fat metabolism. Consequently, it can lead to renal failure, atherosclerosis, nerve damage, blindness, and coronary heart disease. It is also known as the 5th leading cause of death. Although, there are numerous types of glucose-lowering drugs that exhibit anti-diabetic effects but results of treatment in patients are still not so perfect. Therefore, many treatments that include the use of medicinal plants are suggested and encouraged. Medical plants are believed to contain chemical substances with potential curative effects and can often have anti-diabetic effects. This study introduced about 23 effective medicinal plants reported by various experimental researchers with the curative potential to treat diabetes. Although, most of the research used animal models, there is a clear indication that medicinal plants with anti-diabetic potentials are being investigated by several researchers. However, there is a need for further research to be conducted with isolated bioactive ingredients present in these plants in order to have potential ingredients that could be used as a pharmacological agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with fewer adverse effects. Again, the mechanisms of action of these medicinal plants in ameliorating diabetes need to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125606743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):466-474
V. Malakhov, A. K. Tyagniryadko, Y. Isaeva
The problem of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is one of the leading problems in world medicine. There is a significant increase in the number of patients with these pathologies, which is associated with increased life expectancy. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are among the most common diseases in old age. Moreover, if earlier these pathologies, especially osteoporosis, were observed mainly in the elderly, now these diagnoses have significantly rejuvenated. Thus, early diagnosis, methods of prevention, early treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases become relevant. Equally important is the relationship between these diseases and the commonality of their etiology and pathogenesis, and, accordingly, the identity of methods of prevention and treatment. In the context of medical and preventive care, the commonalities and differences of genetic, biochemical and age factors and nosological units that lead to the development of these pathologies are analyzed. Methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia are considered in detail. The most effective methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia have been identified. The common etiopathogenetic factors of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, disorders of fat metabolism and, ultimately, reduced physical activity, suggests the presence of osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic obesity. The same commonality leads to almost identical approaches in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
{"title":"OSTEOPOROSIS AND SARCOPENIA: COMMON ETIOPATHOGENETIC FACTORS, PREVENTION AND NON-DRUG TREATMENT","authors":"V. Malakhov, A. K. Tyagniryadko, Y. Isaeva","doi":"10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):466-474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):466-474","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is one of the leading problems in world medicine. There is a significant increase in the number of patients with these pathologies, which is associated with increased life expectancy. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are among the most common diseases in old age. Moreover, if earlier these pathologies, especially osteoporosis, were observed mainly in the elderly, now these diagnoses have significantly rejuvenated. Thus, early diagnosis, methods of prevention, early treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases become relevant. Equally important is the relationship between these diseases and the commonality of their etiology and pathogenesis, and, accordingly, the identity of methods of prevention and treatment.\u0000In the context of medical and preventive care, the commonalities and differences of genetic, biochemical and age factors and nosological units that lead to the development of these pathologies are analyzed. Methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia are considered in detail. The most effective methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia have been identified.\u0000The common etiopathogenetic factors of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, disorders of fat metabolism and, ultimately, reduced physical activity, suggests the presence of osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic obesity. The same commonality leads to almost identical approaches in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115266452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-29DOI: 10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):407-423
V. V. Kostiuchenko, Y. Moskalenko, S. Tarasenko, O. Vynnychenko, V. V. Shevchenko, I. Vynnychenko
Before the middle of the 20th century, colorectal cancer (CRC) was a fairly rare disease. A significant increase in the prevalence of this pathology began after this period and was accompanied by a doubling of indicators in each subsequent decade. By 2030, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% or more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths. This situation is due to the development of countries with transitional economies, to which Ukraine also belongs.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE RATE OF COLORECTAL CANCER AMONG RESIDENTS OF THE SUMY REGION","authors":"V. V. Kostiuchenko, Y. Moskalenko, S. Tarasenko, O. Vynnychenko, V. V. Shevchenko, I. Vynnychenko","doi":"10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):407-423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/EUMJ.2020;8(4):407-423","url":null,"abstract":"Before the middle of the 20th century, colorectal cancer (CRC) was a fairly rare disease. A significant increase in the prevalence of this pathology began after this period and was accompanied by a doubling of indicators in each subsequent decade. By 2030, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer is expected to increase by 60% or more than 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths. This situation is due to the development of countries with transitional economies, to which Ukraine also belongs.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123135421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2020;8(2):137-144
O. Potapov, Oleksii Petrovych Kmyta, O. Tsyndrenko
Peripheral nerve injuries account for 4 % of all injuries, and the consequences of trauma are a major medical and social problem, since they are characterized by a significant and long-term decline in limb function, and a high level of disability in patients. According to our data, up to 40% of patients sought specialized care for more than 6 months after the injury, and 19.9% were treated conservatively for an unreasonably long period of time. It led to an increase in the portion of unsatisfactory treatment results, since the prognosis of the further functional and useful degree of nerve recovery worsens with increasing time after injury. The main objective was to select the optimal option of biocompatible material for implementation in practice in case of traumatic peripheral nerve damage. Materials and methods. The analysis of medical literature for 2015–2020 was conducted. First of all, it should be noted that modern non-biological resorbable tubes are made of polyglycolic and polylactic acids. Non-resorbable tubes, including silicone, have shown undesirable effects, including axon compression during regeneration and the reaction of a fibrous foreign body. Hollow cylindrical tubes can be manufactured in several ways, such as electrospinning, crosslinking, physical film rolling, injection molding, melt extrusion, and braiding. Adequate surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries requires that the surgeon, in addition to an accurate knowledge of the anatomical details of the affected area, would also be familiar with microsurgical methods and had necessary equipment to operate. The main procedure in peripheral nerve surgery is the restoration of nerve continuity, which can be obtained by direct coaptation between the two ends of a severed nerve or by the introduction of nerve grafts to replace a defect in nerve tissue. Polyester is the most common synthetic material used in neural tissue engineering, along with polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and polyglycolic acid. In combination with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow, polylactic acid showed better results and accelerated the recovery of peripheral nerves. Polylactic acid directed the migration of Schwann's cells and induced the formation of a normal nervous structure. It was proved that the polycaprolactone material had an effect similar to that of autografts in nerve repair, and its characteristics were better than in a polylactic acid tube. Polyglycolic acid also possesses sufficient mechanical properties and can be used to repair a nerve defect. Artificial synthetic materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability with minimal toxicity. For the production of high-purity polymer monomers, which are necessary for the manufacture of the frame, much time and financial costs are required. Moreover, the elasticity and hardness of such materials are imperfect. Three main natural biomaterials are used in tissue repair: collagen, silk, and gelatin. Collagen tube is the mos
{"title":"MODERN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF NERVE CONDUCTORS IN PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY","authors":"O. Potapov, Oleksii Petrovych Kmyta, O. Tsyndrenko","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2020;8(2):137-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(2):137-144","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral nerve injuries account for 4 % of all injuries, and the consequences of trauma are a major medical and social problem, since they are characterized by a significant and long-term decline in limb function, and a high level of disability in patients. According to our data, up to 40% of patients sought specialized care for more than 6 months after the injury, and 19.9% were treated conservatively for an unreasonably long period of time. It led to an increase in the portion of unsatisfactory treatment results, since the prognosis of the further functional and useful degree of nerve recovery worsens with increasing time after injury.\u0000\u0000 The main objective was to select the optimal option of biocompatible material for implementation in practice in case of traumatic peripheral nerve damage.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. The analysis of medical literature for 2015–2020 was conducted. First of all, it should be noted that modern non-biological resorbable tubes are made of polyglycolic and polylactic acids. Non-resorbable tubes, including silicone, have shown undesirable effects, including axon compression during regeneration and the reaction of a fibrous foreign body. Hollow cylindrical tubes can be manufactured in several ways, such as electrospinning, crosslinking, physical film rolling, injection molding, melt extrusion, and braiding.\u0000Adequate surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries requires that the surgeon, in addition to an accurate knowledge of the anatomical details of the affected area, would also be familiar with microsurgical methods and had necessary equipment to operate. The main procedure in peripheral nerve surgery is the restoration of nerve continuity, which can be obtained by direct coaptation between the two ends of a severed nerve or by the introduction of nerve grafts to replace a defect in nerve tissue.\u0000Polyester is the most common synthetic material used in neural tissue engineering, along with polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and polyglycolic acid. In combination with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow, polylactic acid showed better results and accelerated the recovery of peripheral nerves. Polylactic acid directed the migration of Schwann's cells and induced the formation of a normal nervous structure. It was proved that the polycaprolactone material had an effect similar to that of autografts in nerve repair, and its characteristics were better than in a polylactic acid tube. Polyglycolic acid also possesses sufficient mechanical properties and can be used to repair a nerve defect. Artificial synthetic materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability with minimal toxicity. For the production of high-purity polymer monomers, which are necessary for the manufacture of the frame, much time and financial costs are required. Moreover, the elasticity and hardness of such materials are imperfect.\u0000Three main natural biomaterials are used in tissue repair: collagen, silk, and gelatin. Collagen tube is the mos","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114197411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):1-7
L. M. Honcharuk, O. Fediv, V. Kulachek, Y. Teleki
The purpose of the study is to investigate changes in fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of blood plasma in patients with peptic ulcer (PU) taking into account pathogenic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains. Materials and methods. 93 patients with PU were examined, of which 30 patients with PU and concomitant Hp cag cag A+/vac A+ (group I), 31 patients with PU and concomitant Hp cag A-/vac A- (group II), 32 patients with PU without concomitant HP infection (group III). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma was investigated with the help of lysis of azofibrin (fibrin associated with the azo dye orange), which in the alkaline medium turns a bright red color. The level of total (ТFA), enzymatic (FFA) and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity (NFA) was evaluated. Proteolytic activity of blood plasma was determined by the lysis of azoalbumin, azocasein and azokol. Research results. The study of fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma showed that the total fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma (TFA) in all groups was significantly higher compared to the control indicators: in patients of group I by 61.5 %, in patients by 40.9 %, in patients of group III by 30.3 %, with a significant intergroup difference between the groups. The growth of TFA was mainly due to FFA. In patients of group I, FFA increased by 2.06 times (p < 0.05), and in patients of group II – by 1.79 times (p < 0.05), in patients of group IIІ – by 1.52 times (p < 0.05) compared with the control. In patients with group I, FFA increased by 12.5 % (p < 0.05) compared with group II. In all patients examined, there was an increase in the proteolytic activity of blood plasma, in particular in group I, the lysis of azoalbumin, azocasein and azocolol increased significantly 2.94 times, 2.83 times and 1.90 times, respectively, and in the patients of group II the investigated indicators increased accordingly 1.87-fold (p < 0.05), 1.96-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.40-fold (p < 0.05), in patients of group III, respectively 1.55 times (p < 0.05), 1.59 times (p < 0.05) and 1.18 times, compared to these values in almost healthy subjects. Significantly more significant changes in proteolysis were detected in the presence of pathogenic Hp strains. Conclusion. Increased proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma is observed in patients with PU. The presence of concomitant Hp in PU leads to more pronounced changes in proteolysis and fibrinolysis. Pathogenic strains of Hp cag cag A+/vac A+ cause significantly more abnormalities in hemostasis.
{"title":"FIBRINOLYTIC AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BLOOD PLASMA IN PEPTIC ULCER OF THE STOMACH, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI","authors":"L. M. Honcharuk, O. Fediv, V. Kulachek, Y. Teleki","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):1-7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to investigate changes in fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity of blood plasma in patients with peptic ulcer (PU) taking into account pathogenic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) strains.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. 93 patients with PU were examined, of which 30 patients with PU and concomitant Hp cag cag A+/vac A+ (group I), 31 patients with PU and concomitant Hp cag A-/vac A- (group II), 32 patients with PU without concomitant HP infection (group III). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma was investigated with the help of lysis of azofibrin (fibrin associated with the azo dye orange), which in the alkaline medium turns a bright red color. The level of total (ТFA), enzymatic (FFA) and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity (NFA) was evaluated. Proteolytic activity of blood plasma was determined by the lysis of azoalbumin, azocasein and azokol.\u0000\u0000Research results. The study of fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma showed that the total fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma (TFA) in all groups was significantly higher compared to the control indicators: in patients of group I by 61.5 %, in patients by 40.9 %, in patients of group III by 30.3 %, with a significant intergroup difference between the groups. The growth of TFA was mainly due to FFA. In patients of group I, FFA increased by 2.06 times (p < 0.05), and in patients of group II – by 1.79 times (p < 0.05), in patients of group IIІ – by 1.52 times (p < 0.05) compared with the control. In patients with group I, FFA increased by 12.5 % (p < 0.05) compared with group II. In all patients examined, there was an increase in the proteolytic activity of blood plasma, in particular in group I, the lysis of azoalbumin, azocasein and azocolol increased significantly 2.94 times, 2.83 times and 1.90 times, respectively, and in the patients of group II the investigated indicators increased accordingly 1.87-fold (p < 0.05), 1.96-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.40-fold (p < 0.05), in patients of group III, respectively 1.55 times (p < 0.05), 1.59 times (p < 0.05) and 1.18 times, compared to these values in almost healthy subjects. Significantly more significant changes in proteolysis were detected in the presence of pathogenic Hp strains.\u0000\u0000Conclusion. Increased proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma is observed in patients with PU. The presence of concomitant Hp in PU leads to more pronounced changes in proteolysis and fibrinolysis. Pathogenic strains of Hp cag cag A+/vac A+ cause significantly more abnormalities in hemostasis.","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123847425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-29DOI: 10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):15-23
V. Baranovska, A. Romanenko, L. Zakhartseva
Introduction. Renal neoplasms are a common disease. Differential diagnostics of different tumor subtypes for prognosis and treatment is necessary given that some of them, like renal cell oncocytomas, are benign, and others, like chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, are malignant. Unfortunately, the histological similarity between these tumors makes accurate diagnostics difficult. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods such as immunohistochemistry should be used. The aim of our study is to analyze the histological characteristics of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and renal oncocytomas, in order to specify their pathognomonic features, allowing for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Materials and methods. We used data from histories of disease and histological postoperative material of 198 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. After the diagnosis was confirmed, we described the histological features of the tumors and calculated their relative prevalence amongst the renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues. To conclude, we identified the histological features that are more likely to be present in the case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are present in 31 % of our samples. Tumors are more prevalent in patients in their sixth and seventh decade. Most chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are unilateral. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have a polymorphic histological structure. The classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is more common than the eosinophilic one. A mixed variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is present in a minority of cases. The most common features of ChRCC are solid and alveolar growth patterns, clear and reticular cytoplasm, raisinoid nuclei. After comparing the relative prevalence of various histological features in renal oncocytomas to those present in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, we are able to ascertain that chromophobe renal cell carcinomas tend to exhibit the following features significantly more often than renal oncocytomas: differing nuclear size, raisinoid nuclei, reticular cytoplasm, clear cytoplasm. The particular features mentioned in the preceding paragraph, can be present on a small subset of the tumor tissue, and are thus, often missed during analysis, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In order to mitigate this risk, we recommend analyzing a big sample of tumor tissue and using additive methods such as immunohistochemistry with biomarkers CD 10 (56C6), CD 68 (KP1), Cytokeratin 7 (OV-TL 12/30), CD117/c-kit, Vimentin (Vim3B4), S-100 (4C4.9).
{"title":"HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA","authors":"V. Baranovska, A. Romanenko, L. Zakhartseva","doi":"10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):15-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(1):15-23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Renal neoplasms are a common disease. Differential diagnostics of different tumor subtypes for prognosis and treatment is necessary given that some of them, like renal cell oncocytomas, are benign, and others, like chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, are malignant. Unfortunately, the histological similarity between these tumors makes accurate diagnostics difficult. In some cases, additional diagnostic methods such as immunohistochemistry should be used. The aim of our study is to analyze the histological characteristics of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and renal oncocytomas, in order to specify their pathognomonic features, allowing for the confirmation of the diagnosis.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods. We used data from histories of disease and histological postoperative material of 198 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. After the diagnosis was confirmed, we described the histological features of the tumors and calculated their relative prevalence amongst the renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues. To conclude, we identified the histological features that are more likely to be present in the case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are present in 31 % of our samples. Tumors are more prevalent in patients in their sixth and seventh decade. Most chromophobe renal cell carcinomas are unilateral.\u0000\u0000Chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have a polymorphic histological structure. The classic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is more common than the eosinophilic one. A mixed variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is present in a minority of cases. The most common features of ChRCC are solid and alveolar growth patterns, clear and reticular cytoplasm, raisinoid nuclei.\u0000\u0000After comparing the relative prevalence of various histological features in renal oncocytomas to those present in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, we are able to ascertain that chromophobe renal cell carcinomas tend to exhibit the following features significantly more often than renal oncocytomas: differing nuclear size, raisinoid nuclei, reticular cytoplasm, clear cytoplasm.\u0000\u0000The particular features mentioned in the preceding paragraph, can be present on a small subset of the tumor tissue, and are thus, often missed during analysis, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In order to mitigate this risk, we recommend analyzing a big sample of tumor tissue and using additive methods such as immunohistochemistry with biomarkers CD 10 (56C6), CD 68 (KP1), Cytokeratin 7 (OV-TL 12/30), CD117/c-kit, Vimentin (Vim3B4), S-100 (4C4.9).","PeriodicalId":315243,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115037089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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