Development of a Portable Near Infrared Camera for Early Detection of Diabetic Ulcers

Abstract

Venous blood accumulation, or high levels of deoxygenated blood within a tissue, can indicate poor blood circulation and increased risk of ulceration. This condition is associated with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, or diabetic foot ulceration, which is classified as the most common cause for lower extremity amputation in the modern, industrialized world. Neuropathy, associated with lack of protective sensation allows patient to apply repetitive stress leading to the formation of ulcers without their knowledge. Regular inspection of the afflicted area by a physician is the best prevention method for this condition. This process requires increased scrutiny by physicians and more frequent visits by the patients. To simplify and reduce the costs of the process of examination, a low cost system for skin self-monitoring by patients was developed. A near infrared camera was built utilizing a Raspberry Pi 2.0 System in conjunction with optical filters, and image analysis tools to detect venous blood in tissues using differences in optical spectra of oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood in the near infrared (NIR) region. Tests to optimize the best wavelength of light and the best imaging conditions are being conducted to determine the optimal settings for the device. Image analysis will be used to more accurately measure the amounts of inflammation. Further development also includes the development of an interface to allow for data sharing between patients and physicians of the images and the results.