In this paper, a novel approach to locate the activation points of atrial fibrillation (AF) is proposed. This new method is built upon machine learning, where common parameters, such as dominant frequency, first harmonic frequency, etc., are adopted. Features are extracted from the original electrocardiography (ECG) and then clustering is performed to classify the ECG signals into two groups, namely activation and nonactivation points. The experimental results are compared with those from the state-of-the-art system, Topera, used in East Jefferson General Hospital nowadays.
{"title":"Novel Clustering Method towards Identification of Activation Points for Atrial Fibrillation","authors":"Limeng Pu, Hsiao-Chun Wu, J. Mckinnie","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.25","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel approach to locate the activation points of atrial fibrillation (AF) is proposed. This new method is built upon machine learning, where common parameters, such as dominant frequency, first harmonic frequency, etc., are adopted. Features are extracted from the original electrocardiography (ECG) and then clustering is performed to classify the ECG signals into two groups, namely activation and nonactivation points. The experimental results are compared with those from the state-of-the-art system, Topera, used in East Jefferson General Hospital nowadays.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"444 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123275395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bharat Karumuri, I. Vlachos, Rui Liu, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis
A seizure prediction system has the potential to significantly help patients with epilepsy. For a seizure forecasting system to work effectively, computational algorithms must reliably identify periods with high probability of seizure occurrence. We herein report results of a classification approach based on machine learning of EEG features in the frequency domain and aimed at differentiating between pre-ictal (close to seizure onsets) and interictal (far away from seizures onset) periods in long-term intracranial EEG recordings from the brain of 5 epileptic dogs. Evaluation of performance by the area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.84 to 0.96 in four dogs, while for the fifth dog was considerably less (0.55), resulting to a global value of 0.87 across dogs. These results offer supporting evidence that seizures may be predictable with a proper analysis of the EEG.
{"title":"Classification of Pre-ictal and Interictal Periods Based on EEG Frequency Features in Epilepsy","authors":"Bharat Karumuri, I. Vlachos, Rui Liu, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.9","url":null,"abstract":"A seizure prediction system has the potential to significantly help patients with epilepsy. For a seizure forecasting system to work effectively, computational algorithms must reliably identify periods with high probability of seizure occurrence. We herein report results of a classification approach based on machine learning of EEG features in the frequency domain and aimed at differentiating between pre-ictal (close to seizure onsets) and interictal (far away from seizures onset) periods in long-term intracranial EEG recordings from the brain of 5 epileptic dogs. Evaluation of performance by the area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.84 to 0.96 in four dogs, while for the fifth dog was considerably less (0.55), resulting to a global value of 0.87 across dogs. These results offer supporting evidence that seizures may be predictable with a proper analysis of the EEG.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129952015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sweilem B. Al Rihani, Hisham Qosa, Loqman A. Mohamed, Yazan S. Batarseh, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the content of brain interstitial fluid due to the presence of high-resistance tight junction proteins between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries. Several models using different cell-lines were developed to study the BBB biology, these models were complex and their use for high-throughput screening (HTS) has proven to be challenging. Therefore, we developed an in-vitro BBB model that is practical and reliable for HTS. The mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd3) grown on 96-well plate inserts were upgraded and optimized for HTS assay. Using Lucifer Yellow (LY) permeation assay, 3 different compounds libraries that include 3000 compounds were screened for hits that have the potential to modulate the BBB model integrity. To evaluate the model ability to identify compounds that increase LY permeation, mannitol was used as a positive control for disruptors. The model performance in this assay was high with Z' factor above 0.5 and high S/N and S/B ratios. Alternatively, hydrocortisone was used as a positive control for compounds that enhance the barrier function as it is known to improve endothelium tightness. The Z' factor determined with hydrocortisone was 0.3 with lower S/N and S/B ratios compared to mannitol .The primary screen has identified several hundred of modulators. The secondary screen could identify 13 compounds as potent enhancers of the monolayer integrity with EC50 values less than 10 μM. In conclusion, an HTS-BBB model was developed and used for compounds screening to identify compelling hits for further evaluation for their effect on the BBB.
{"title":"Development of an in-vitro High-Throughput Screening Assay for the Identification of Modulators of the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium Integrity","authors":"Sweilem B. Al Rihani, Hisham Qosa, Loqman A. Mohamed, Yazan S. Batarseh, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.54","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) controls the content of brain interstitial fluid due to the presence of high-resistance tight junction proteins between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries. Several models using different cell-lines were developed to study the BBB biology, these models were complex and their use for high-throughput screening (HTS) has proven to be challenging. Therefore, we developed an in-vitro BBB model that is practical and reliable for HTS. The mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd3) grown on 96-well plate inserts were upgraded and optimized for HTS assay. Using Lucifer Yellow (LY) permeation assay, 3 different compounds libraries that include 3000 compounds were screened for hits that have the potential to modulate the BBB model integrity. To evaluate the model ability to identify compounds that increase LY permeation, mannitol was used as a positive control for disruptors. The model performance in this assay was high with Z' factor above 0.5 and high S/N and S/B ratios. Alternatively, hydrocortisone was used as a positive control for compounds that enhance the barrier function as it is known to improve endothelium tightness. The Z' factor determined with hydrocortisone was 0.3 with lower S/N and S/B ratios compared to mannitol .The primary screen has identified several hundred of modulators. The secondary screen could identify 13 compounds as potent enhancers of the monolayer integrity with EC50 values less than 10 μM. In conclusion, an HTS-BBB model was developed and used for compounds screening to identify compelling hits for further evaluation for their effect on the BBB.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plantar Fasciitis is a common condition involving inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain and reduced mobility. Typical treatment methods for plantar fasciitis include medications (NSAIDs), exercises, physical therapy, and surgery. Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies stand to improve care for plantar fasciitis via daily monitoring and by addressing barriers to patient adherence with treatment programs. The ability to closely monitor treatment also gives opportunities for curation that were previously unavailable. Pain and inflammation can be decreased by following a simple home exercise routine of stretches specific to the plantar fascia [1]. Our team has developed a system for assistance with monitoring of home exercise program for treatment of plantar fasciitis. The system interfaces Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices with smartphones to send and receive accelerometer and other sensory data, and an accompanying app to be used for at home monitoring and analysis of physical therapy exercises which have been shown to help with plantar fasciitis [2]. Such system can be used to track movement, amplitude, angle, pressure, stretch, and number of repetitions, and overall improve patient adherence to a Home Exercise Program and involvement in treatment. Increased self-monitoring has been shown to directly influence and increase behavior change of patients. In order to increase patient adherence to a prescribed routine, awareness of a behavior and the consistent tracking of its implementation and progress over time are effective [3]. Modern BLE devices are very energy efficient and can work throughout the course of a day, making them an apt choice for a home treatment program. The accompanying app receives, aggregates, and analyzes data from the BLE sensor, and provides actionable feedback to users and clinicians. By increasing patient adherence and speeding up healing, this mHealth system will improve patient outcomes regarding treatment of plantar fasciitis, and also decrease cost of treatment.
{"title":"mHealth Musculoskeletal Applications: Bluetooth Low Energy Devices and Android","authors":"J. Tilles, A. Shaporev, V. Reukov","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.61","url":null,"abstract":"Plantar Fasciitis is a common condition involving inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain and reduced mobility. Typical treatment methods for plantar fasciitis include medications (NSAIDs), exercises, physical therapy, and surgery. Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies stand to improve care for plantar fasciitis via daily monitoring and by addressing barriers to patient adherence with treatment programs. The ability to closely monitor treatment also gives opportunities for curation that were previously unavailable. Pain and inflammation can be decreased by following a simple home exercise routine of stretches specific to the plantar fascia [1]. Our team has developed a system for assistance with monitoring of home exercise program for treatment of plantar fasciitis. The system interfaces Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices with smartphones to send and receive accelerometer and other sensory data, and an accompanying app to be used for at home monitoring and analysis of physical therapy exercises which have been shown to help with plantar fasciitis [2]. Such system can be used to track movement, amplitude, angle, pressure, stretch, and number of repetitions, and overall improve patient adherence to a Home Exercise Program and involvement in treatment. Increased self-monitoring has been shown to directly influence and increase behavior change of patients. In order to increase patient adherence to a prescribed routine, awareness of a behavior and the consistent tracking of its implementation and progress over time are effective [3]. Modern BLE devices are very energy efficient and can work throughout the course of a day, making them an apt choice for a home treatment program. The accompanying app receives, aggregates, and analyzes data from the BLE sensor, and provides actionable feedback to users and clinicians. By increasing patient adherence and speeding up healing, this mHealth system will improve patient outcomes regarding treatment of plantar fasciitis, and also decrease cost of treatment.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129028671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The measure of Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (GPDC) and surrogate data analysis of intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) signals can be used to determine the functional connections between brain sites. Characteristics of the nodes of the thus derived network during seizures from 9 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied using centrality measures (Degree, Eigenvector, Katz, PageRank, and Betweenness). The electrode sites with maximum Katz and degree centralities showed close association with the epileptogenic focus during seizures. These results indicate that connectivity analysis of the EEG can contribute to the accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus in patients with focal epilepsy.
{"title":"Connectivity Analysis for Epileptogenic Focus Localization","authors":"J. Adkinson, Rui Liu, I. Vlachos, L. Iasemidis","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.38","url":null,"abstract":"The measure of Generalized Partial Directed Coherence (GPDC) and surrogate data analysis of intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) signals can be used to determine the functional connections between brain sites. Characteristics of the nodes of the thus derived network during seizures from 9 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied using centrality measures (Degree, Eigenvector, Katz, PageRank, and Betweenness). The electrode sites with maximum Katz and degree centralities showed close association with the epileptogenic focus during seizures. These results indicate that connectivity analysis of the EEG can contribute to the accurate localization of the epileptogenic focus in patients with focal epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Abu Fayyad, Mohammad M. Kamal, A. Kaddoumi, S. Alqahtani, S. Nazzal
Objective: To Synthesize and characterize PEGylated γ-T3 with m-PEG molecular weights of 350 (γ-T3PGS 350) and 1000 (γ-T3PGS 1000) and to Determine the oral bioavailability of the PEGylated γ-T3 in rats. Methods: γ-T3 was extracted from a 500 g batch of TocotrolTM L50P. γ-T3PGS 350 and γ-T3PGS 1000 were synthesized by a simple single ring-opening of half acid ester precursor, followed by controlled coupling to the terminally methylated PEG. Succination and subsequent PEGylation of γ -T3 were confirmed by HPLC, MS, and 1H-NMR studies. The effect of PEGylation on the oral bioavailability was tested in rats. Results: The succination of γ-T3 was confirmed by the appearance of the ethyl protons of the succinate at 2.75-2.86 ppm and the disappearance of the proton chemical shift from the hydroxyl group of γ-T3 at 4.7 ppm. Subsequent PEGylation was confirmed by the chemical shift at 4.23 ppm, which corresponds to the protons of the ethylene group of PEG that is directly linked to γ-T3S, and confirmed by MS and HPLC. Thee most interesting is that PEGylation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of γ-T3 as compared with regular formula and no significant difference was observed between the two molecular variants of mPEG 350 or mPEG 1000. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that PEGylation of γ-T3 represents a viable platform for the oral and parenteral delivery of γ-T3 for potential use in the prevention of breast cancer.
{"title":"PEGylation Enhances the Oral Bioavailability of γ-Tocotrienol Isomer of Vitamin E","authors":"Ahmed Abu Fayyad, Mohammad M. Kamal, A. Kaddoumi, S. Alqahtani, S. Nazzal","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.26","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To Synthesize and characterize PEGylated γ-T3 with m-PEG molecular weights of 350 (γ-T3PGS 350) and 1000 (γ-T3PGS 1000) and to Determine the oral bioavailability of the PEGylated γ-T3 in rats. Methods: γ-T3 was extracted from a 500 g batch of TocotrolTM L50P. γ-T3PGS 350 and γ-T3PGS 1000 were synthesized by a simple single ring-opening of half acid ester precursor, followed by controlled coupling to the terminally methylated PEG. Succination and subsequent PEGylation of γ -T3 were confirmed by HPLC, MS, and 1H-NMR studies. The effect of PEGylation on the oral bioavailability was tested in rats. Results: The succination of γ-T3 was confirmed by the appearance of the ethyl protons of the succinate at 2.75-2.86 ppm and the disappearance of the proton chemical shift from the hydroxyl group of γ-T3 at 4.7 ppm. Subsequent PEGylation was confirmed by the chemical shift at 4.23 ppm, which corresponds to the protons of the ethylene group of PEG that is directly linked to γ-T3S, and confirmed by MS and HPLC. Thee most interesting is that PEGylation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of γ-T3 as compared with regular formula and no significant difference was observed between the two molecular variants of mPEG 350 or mPEG 1000. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that PEGylation of γ-T3 represents a viable platform for the oral and parenteral delivery of γ-T3 for potential use in the prevention of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124098125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanofiber scaffolds have been studied extensively for a variety of biomedical applications. Traditional nanofiber production methods have relied heavily on electrically conductive targets, as seen with electrospinning. The solution blow-spin technique is a new, more rapid and versatile nanofiber production method that allows for fibers to be sprayed onto any surface geometry. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally formed alumina silicate clay tubes, which offer tremendous potential as a multifunctional and cytocompatible nanomaterial. This study showed cellular interactions and responses to blow-spun nanofibers loaded with halloysite nanotubes. Additionally, the study showed antibacterial effects of antibiotic loaded versions. Control poly (lactic-co-glycolide) (PLG) fibers and PLG fibers loaded with HNTs were monitored through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. NucBlue®, Picrosirius Red, Von Kossa, and Alcian Blue assays were used to monitor cell attachment, penetration, and growth on the scaffolds during the course of one week. Drug-loaded versions were tested against Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and agar disc diffusion assays. In the first-ever recorded account, electron micrographs showed that solution blow spinning could encapsulate HNTs within nanofibers networks. Histological assays showed that cellular adhesion and growth was maintained on all nanofiber scaffolds, and drug-loaded versions displayed antibacterial effects. It is suggested that solution blow-spun HNT-nanofibers may have significant potential uses in three-dimensional tissue engineering, medical device nanostructured coatings, wound dressings, and modular drug delivery systems.
{"title":"Blow-Spun Nanofibers Embedded with Clay Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications","authors":"C. Boyer, S. Karnik, J. Ambrose, D. Mills","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.99","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofiber scaffolds have been studied extensively for a variety of biomedical applications. Traditional nanofiber production methods have relied heavily on electrically conductive targets, as seen with electrospinning. The solution blow-spin technique is a new, more rapid and versatile nanofiber production method that allows for fibers to be sprayed onto any surface geometry. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally formed alumina silicate clay tubes, which offer tremendous potential as a multifunctional and cytocompatible nanomaterial. This study showed cellular interactions and responses to blow-spun nanofibers loaded with halloysite nanotubes. Additionally, the study showed antibacterial effects of antibiotic loaded versions. Control poly (lactic-co-glycolide) (PLG) fibers and PLG fibers loaded with HNTs were monitored through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. NucBlue®, Picrosirius Red, Von Kossa, and Alcian Blue assays were used to monitor cell attachment, penetration, and growth on the scaffolds during the course of one week. Drug-loaded versions were tested against Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and agar disc diffusion assays. In the first-ever recorded account, electron micrographs showed that solution blow spinning could encapsulate HNTs within nanofibers networks. Histological assays showed that cellular adhesion and growth was maintained on all nanofiber scaffolds, and drug-loaded versions displayed antibacterial effects. It is suggested that solution blow-spun HNT-nanofibers may have significant potential uses in three-dimensional tissue engineering, medical device nanostructured coatings, wound dressings, and modular drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tissue engineered scaffolds play an important role in the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs. Scaffolds provide strength, stability and support for cell and tissue development and growth. Common scaffold materials are natural and synthetic polymers. However, in recent years, an intense research effort has been directed towards developing new scaffold polymers and composite materials. Research on composite scaffolds is focused on identifying composites with enhanced mechanical properties, sustained drug-releasing capabilities, and the ability to support tissue development and growth. We produced and characterized a novel nanocomposite polymer scaffold composed of poly-glycerol sebacate (PGS), polycaprolactone (PCL) and halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs). PGS, a biodegradable elastomer well known for its desirable mechanical properties and PCL, a hydrophobic aliphatic polyester with exceptional biodegradable and biocompatible properties were used in combination with HNTs, aluminosilicate clay nanotubes to form nanocomposite polymer scaffolds. The HNTs can be loaded with drugs of interest and can be used for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and controlled drug release. The nanocomposite polymer scaffold thin films were prepared by the solvent casting method. We characterized the morphological, structural, thermal and physical properties of these novel nanocomposite polymer (PGS-PCL-HNT) scaffolds. Analysis of these scaffold characteristics showed enhanced structural and physical properties with the ability to provide sustained drug loading.
{"title":"Tissue Engineering Nanoclay Composite Scaffolds Composed of Poly-Glycerol Sebacate and Poly-Caprolactone","authors":"D. Chappidi, D. Mills","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.39","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue engineered scaffolds play an important role in the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs. Scaffolds provide strength, stability and support for cell and tissue development and growth. Common scaffold materials are natural and synthetic polymers. However, in recent years, an intense research effort has been directed towards developing new scaffold polymers and composite materials. Research on composite scaffolds is focused on identifying composites with enhanced mechanical properties, sustained drug-releasing capabilities, and the ability to support tissue development and growth. We produced and characterized a novel nanocomposite polymer scaffold composed of poly-glycerol sebacate (PGS), polycaprolactone (PCL) and halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs). PGS, a biodegradable elastomer well known for its desirable mechanical properties and PCL, a hydrophobic aliphatic polyester with exceptional biodegradable and biocompatible properties were used in combination with HNTs, aluminosilicate clay nanotubes to form nanocomposite polymer scaffolds. The HNTs can be loaded with drugs of interest and can be used for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and controlled drug release. The nanocomposite polymer scaffold thin films were prepared by the solvent casting method. We characterized the morphological, structural, thermal and physical properties of these novel nanocomposite polymer (PGS-PCL-HNT) scaffolds. Analysis of these scaffold characteristics showed enhanced structural and physical properties with the ability to provide sustained drug loading.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to reinforce chitosan hydrogels, and built a biocompatible, biodegradable and sustained drug release system. The biodegradability, stretchability, and surface structure of the chitosan-HNTs hydrogels were studied. Gentamicin was selected as drug release model. Escherichia coli was used to estimate drug efficacy. Results indicate that HNTs significantly improved the gels' mechanical properties while, permitting an extended period of drug release, and without a negative affect on drug efficacy.
{"title":"Chitosan-Halloysite Hydrogel Drug Delivery System","authors":"Yangyang Luo, D. Mills","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.55","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to reinforce chitosan hydrogels, and built a biocompatible, biodegradable and sustained drug release system. The biodegradability, stretchability, and surface structure of the chitosan-HNTs hydrogels were studied. Gentamicin was selected as drug release model. Escherichia coli was used to estimate drug efficacy. Results indicate that HNTs significantly improved the gels' mechanical properties while, permitting an extended period of drug release, and without a negative affect on drug efficacy.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130929019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen J. Florczyk, Mylene Simon, D. Juba, P. Pine, S. Sarkar, Desu Chen, Paula J. Baker, S. Bodhak, Antonio Cardone, M. Brady, P. Bajcsy, C. Simon
There is currently no method for assessing the nature of the cell niche provided by 3D biomaterial scaffolds. Analyzing human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) 3D cell shape in response to different biomaterial scaffolds allowed the 3D cell niche promoted by biomaterial scaffolds to be evaluated. Primary hBMSCs (p5) were seeded (5,000 cells/cm2) in 10 different biomaterial scaffolds and cultured for 24 h. Samples were fixed and stained for actin and nucleus, imaged with confocal microscopy to obtain a 3D volume (z-stack), and 3D cell shape was analyzed with computational approaches. Over 100 cells were imaged per scaffold group (10 scaffold groups, ~1250 cells total), resulting in the largest known 3D stem cell dataset (~135,000 files, ~135 GB) and enabling a high degree of statistical rigor. The images were segmented using an automated algorithm and a final dataset of 969 well-segmented cells were analyzed with 79 shape metrics, which enabled 3D cellular morphotyping of scaffold niches. The variety of scaffolds studied promoted different cell morphologies during culture and there were significant differences in shape metrics, particularly for cell depth, surface area, and volume. This study demonstrated a quantitative approach to analyze 3D cell shape and morphotype and is the largest known study analyzing 3D cell shape in response to a variety of biomaterial scaffolds. The dataset is publically accessible with an online 3D viewer. These results could inform the selection of prospective scaffolds for applications based on 3D cell shape in the tissue of interest.
{"title":"3D Cellular Morphotyping of Scaffold Niches","authors":"Stephen J. Florczyk, Mylene Simon, D. Juba, P. Pine, S. Sarkar, Desu Chen, Paula J. Baker, S. Bodhak, Antonio Cardone, M. Brady, P. Bajcsy, C. Simon","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.58","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently no method for assessing the nature of the cell niche provided by 3D biomaterial scaffolds. Analyzing human bone marrow stromal cell (hBMSC) 3D cell shape in response to different biomaterial scaffolds allowed the 3D cell niche promoted by biomaterial scaffolds to be evaluated. Primary hBMSCs (p5) were seeded (5,000 cells/cm2) in 10 different biomaterial scaffolds and cultured for 24 h. Samples were fixed and stained for actin and nucleus, imaged with confocal microscopy to obtain a 3D volume (z-stack), and 3D cell shape was analyzed with computational approaches. Over 100 cells were imaged per scaffold group (10 scaffold groups, ~1250 cells total), resulting in the largest known 3D stem cell dataset (~135,000 files, ~135 GB) and enabling a high degree of statistical rigor. The images were segmented using an automated algorithm and a final dataset of 969 well-segmented cells were analyzed with 79 shape metrics, which enabled 3D cellular morphotyping of scaffold niches. The variety of scaffolds studied promoted different cell morphologies during culture and there were significant differences in shape metrics, particularly for cell depth, surface area, and volume. This study demonstrated a quantitative approach to analyze 3D cell shape and morphotype and is the largest known study analyzing 3D cell shape in response to a variety of biomaterial scaffolds. The dataset is publically accessible with an online 3D viewer. These results could inform the selection of prospective scaffolds for applications based on 3D cell shape in the tissue of interest.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133582119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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