Online Attack-aware Risk Management for PMSG-based Wind Farm Depending on System Strength Evaluation

Abstract

The retirement of synchronous generators and the increasing capacity of renewable energy sources (RES) have contributed to the decline of system strength in a power grid, leading to a problem such as subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) in permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind farms. Cyberattacks aimed at reducing the system strength of the power grid may exacerbate this problem. However, existing solutions are either incomplete for system strength evaluation or exclude the consideration of cyberattacks. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive system strength evaluation and a short-term system strength prediction process that takes into account the stealthy cyberattacks launched especially when the system strength provision is at its minimum level. In addition, proactive risk management is proposed to retain the grid's system strength for the wind farm above the minimum required level even if a cyberattack takes place. The efficacy of the proposed system strength evaluation and risk management based on system strength prediction is demonstrated through case studies in the IEEE 9-bus benchmark.