Cognitive Impacts of Using a Metaverse embedded on Learning Management System for Students with Unequal Access to Learning Resources

Abstract

This research aims to 1) Develop a Metaverse embedded in Learning Management System. 2) To compare the cognitive achievement between groups of students. 3) To study the cognitive effectiveness between groups of students. The population used in this research was 105 undergraduate students enrolled in green university courses in 2021. Every student can access the Internet on a mobile phone in Unequal ways. The researcher divided the population into three groups: 1) 32 students had access to LMS via wi-fi, 2) 30 students had access to LMS via hi-speed 4G mobile internet. 3) 43 students had access to LMS slower than 4G mobile internet. The statistics used in this research were 1) One-way ANOVA 2) Effectiveness index. The results showed that the cognitive score before and after learning via a Metaverse embedded on Learning Management System of the three unequal accessed learning resources groups was significantly different at the level of. 05 $(\mathbf{p=.000)}$. When considered between groups, the group of students accessing the Internet via a wi-fi network compared to students accessing the Internet via a slower than 4G mobile internet had a statistical difference at the. 05 level $(\mathbf{p=.000)}$. While the group of students accessing the Internet via hi-speed 4G mobile internet and the group of students accessing the Internet via a slower than 4G mobile internet had a statistically significant difference at the. 05 level $(\mathbf{p=.003)}$. In contrast, the students accessing the Internet via a wi-fi network and the students accessing the Internet via Hi-speed 4G mobile internet had no difference in cognitive test results $(\mathbf{p=.213})$. The results of the Cognitive effectiveness study found that the group of students accessing via wi-fi networks had a 38.85 percent of cognitive increment. The students accessing the hi-speed 4G mobile internet had a 35.35 percent cognitive increment. And the group of students accessing via a slower than 4G mobile internet had a 9.78 percent cognitive increment.