Global Competition for Attracting Talents and the World Economy

F. Docquier, Joël Machado
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引用次数: 64

Abstract

This paper studies the effect of liberalizing the international mobility of college-educated workers on the world economy. First, we combine data on effective and desired migration to identify the net pool of foreign talents (NPFT) of selected high-income countries. So far, the EU15 has poorly benefited from its NPFT while the US has mobilized a large portion of it. Second, we use a micro-founded model to simulate the effects of skill-selective liberalization shocks. In our benchmark model, a worldwide liberalization induces larger long-run income gains for the EU15 (+8.8 percent) than for the US (+5.9 percent). However, less attractive EU countries such as Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Luxembourg and the Netherlands benefit less than the US. In addition, liberalizing high-skilled migration decreases income per worker by 2.5 percent in developing countries. Overall, it increases efficiency (+6.2 percent in the worldwide average level of income per capita) and inequality (+1.2 percentage points in the Theil inequality index). Much greater effects can be obtained if total factor productivity varies with human capital.
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全球人才竞争与世界经济
本文研究了开放受过高等教育的工人的国际流动对世界经济的影响。首先,我们将有效移民和期望移民的数据结合起来,以确定选定高收入国家的外国人才净库(NPFT)。迄今为止,欧盟15国并未从《不扩散核武器条约》中受益,而美国动用了其中的很大一部分。其次,我们使用微观模型来模拟技能选择性自由化冲击的影响。在我们的基准模型中,全球自由化给欧盟15国带来的长期收入增长(+ 8.8%)大于美国(+ 5.9%)。然而,吸引力较低的欧盟国家,如奥地利、比利时、德国、希腊、卢森堡和荷兰,受益程度不及美国。此外,开放高技能移民会使发展中国家的人均收入减少2.5%。总体而言,它提高了效率(全球人均收入平均水平提高了6.2%)和不平等(泰尔不平等指数提高了1.2个百分点)。如果全要素生产率随人力资本的变化而变化,则会产生更大的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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