Progressive Muscle Relaxation dan Slow Deep Breathing pada Penderita Hipertensi

Abstract

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian: untuk mengetahui efektivitas teknikprogressive muscle relaxation dan slow deep breathing terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur dan penurunan tingkat stres. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experimental design with comparison group. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gamping 2 Yogyakarta. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 responden dengan pembagian sampel masing-masing 20 responden pada kelompok intervensi, kelompok kontrol 1, dan kelompok kontrol 2. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2015. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan PSQI (Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index) untuk mengukur kualitas tidur dengan nilai validitas 0,89 dan reliabilitas sebesar 0,73, sedangkan PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) untuk mengukur tingkat stres dengan nilai validitas 0,85 dan reliabilitas sebesar 0,75. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Anova dilanjutkan uji post-hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi, kelompok kontrol 1, dan kelompok kontrol 2 terhadap peningkatan kualitas tidur (p = 0,025). Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi, kelompok control 1 dan kelompok kontrol 2 terhadap penurunan tingkat stres (p = 0,009). Diskusi: Hipertensi berkaitan dengan kualitas tidur dan tingkat stres karena berhubungan dengan respons saraf simpatis. Jika tidak diidentifikasi dengan baik, hal tersebut dapat memperburuk kondisi penderita hipertensi. Hipertensi dapat dikontrol dengan terapi nonfarmakologi menggunakan teknik relaksasi progressive muscle relaxation dan slow deep breathing. Kesimpulan: teknik progressive muscle relaxation efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas tidur dan slow deep breathing efektif untuk menurunkan tingkat stres.Kata Kunci: hipertensi, kualitas tidur, tingkat stres, progressive muscle relaxation, slow deep breathingPROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION AND SLOW DEEP BREATHING IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTSABSTRACTObjective: to identify the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing on improving sleep quality and decreasing stress levels. Methods: This study employed quasi experimental design with comparison group. Samples were taken using purposive sampling. The study was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas (Public Health Center) Gamping 2 Yogyakarta. The sample size was 60 respondents with 20 respondents in each of the intervention group, control group 1, and control group 2. Data were collected from April to June 2015. The research used PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) to measure the quality of sleep with a validity value of 0.89 and a reliability value of 0.73 and PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) to measure stress levels with a validity value of 0.85 and a reliability value of 0.75. Data were analyzed using Anova and followed by using Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: There were significant differences between intervention group, control group 1, and control group 2 in the sleep quality improvement (p=0.025). There were significant differences between intervention group, control group 1 and control group 2 in the decreased stress levels (p=0,009). Discussion: Hypertension is related to sleep quality and stress levels because it is associated with sympathetic nerve response. Unless they are well identified, they may worsen the condition of patients with hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled with non-pharmacological therapy using progressive muscle relaxation and slow deep breathing relaxation. Conclusion: Progressive muscle relaxation is effective to improve sleep quality and slow deep breathing is effective to reduce stress level.Keywords: hypertension, sleep quality, stress level, progressive muscle relaxation, slow deep breathing