Reliability of Geotechnical Parameters in the Analysis of Ancient Landslides

H. Pedram
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Abstract

More than 850 large scale landslides in the two main active seismic zones (Alborz and Zagros) in Iran have been studied over the past nearly four decades. Of these, remedial designs made by the author for major engineering works in the 180 or so landslides encountered in the projects have, to the present, been successful. This work has led me to the conclusion that, regardless of their geotechnical parameters measured on intact samples in the laboratory, the main cause of forming of these landslides has been occurrence of high magnitude recent and historical earthquakes, combined with micro/mega discontinuities existing within the soil/rock masses. In this study, according to the results of geotechnical studies, the stability analysis of ancient landslides in the area of gas transmission lines (IGAT) in Iran, is discussed. Three samples, taken from slip surfaces of ancient landslides of the two main active zones are discussed. The samples were taken from apparently weak soils, but, unexpectedly, they showed good stability strength. The major occurrences of landslides were in the two mentioned active zones (Zagros and Alborz). In the sampling process of the three landslides, samples representative of apparently geotechnically weak rock or poor soil type were the only ones selected for testing and were taken from slip surface/zones with well-defined natural deformation, remolding and slicken siding. Geotechnical and soil shear parameters measured on samples taken from the slip surface showed apparent good results indicating that a landslide should not occur. However this assumption proved to be misleading, for despite these measurements, land sliding did occur. This was especially so in the case of rockslides.
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古滑坡分析中岩土参数的可靠度
在过去的近40年里,人们研究了伊朗两个主要地震活跃带(Alborz和Zagros)的850多个大型滑坡。其中,作者为主要工程所进行的180多宗滑坡的补救设计,至今均取得成功。这项工作使我得出这样的结论:无论在实验室中对完整样品测量的岩土参数如何,这些滑坡形成的主要原因是近期和历史上发生的高震级地震,以及土壤/岩体中存在的微/特大不连续。本文根据岩土工程研究成果,对伊朗输气管线地区古滑坡的稳定性分析进行了探讨。本文讨论了两个主要活动区古滑坡滑动面的3个样品。这些样品取自看似脆弱的土壤,但出乎意料的是,它们表现出了良好的稳定强度。主要的滑坡发生在上述两个活动区(扎格罗斯和阿尔博尔斯)。在三个滑坡的取样过程中,只有具有明显岩土技术弱岩或差土类型代表性的样品被选中进行测试,这些样品取自具有明确自然变形、重塑和滑边的滑面/带。滑面岩土力学和土体剪切参数测量结果良好,表明不会发生滑坡。然而,这种假设被证明是误导的,因为尽管有这些测量结果,陆地确实发生了滑动。在发生滑坡的情况下尤其如此。
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