{"title":"Environment and Wellbeing: Eco-psychiatry in Sundarban Delta, India","authors":"A. Chowdhury, A. Brahma","doi":"10.21013/JMSS.V14.N2SP.P5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Wellbeing is a multidimensional practical concept that captures a mix of people’s life circumstances. Categorically wellbeing may be divided into three divisions: physical, mental and social wellbeing. As a construct, it may also be perceived as objective wellbeing (relates to material attributes like the amount of wealth, provision of education and health care and social infrastructure) and subjective wellbeing (how people think and feel about their quality of life). In both, the dimension Environment, more specifically the natural environment plays an important key role- both negative and positive. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), [1] postulates the ecosystem approach as a means of understanding the roles played by land, water and living resources of the environment (ecological resources) in the life of people as well as integrated management of cultural and biological diversity of the land and the people. Ecosystems are defined as the functional units that are in continual dynamic and complex interaction among plants, animals, water bodies, forest, climate and all other non-living issues in the environment. Ecosystem services are the benefits that people are supposed to or actually obtain from the ecosystem. These inter-phase interactional dynamics is the guiding principle of Ecopsychiatry - where environmental issues influence positively or negatively on the mental health of the people (individual) and the community (collective). Or in other words the impact of environmental specificity (of normal or abnormal state) on the mental health and wellbeing (as also physical and spiritual) of the community or individual. The following inter-connected Eco-psychiatric issues that negatively impacted human wellbeing (both physical and mental) are discussed:Anthropogenic factors and its impact on population density, land distribution, agricultural production, food insecurity and poverty.Attempts to enhance the crop production in a climatic uncertainty and saline field by pesticide over/incorrect -use - resultant in a high incidence of mortality and morbidity (accidental and deliberate self-harm/suicide) of human and pesticide contamination of the environment.Nutritional deficiency, animal health and livestock: salinization of water impacted the availability of freshwater fish species, and thus depriving the poor of their protein food source and adversely impacting the income and family integrity.Risk factors in human-animal conflicts (tiger/ crocodile/snake attacks) and resultant mortality and morbidity: forest exploration for livelihood measures (fishing, timber-honey-crab-collection) leading to death, family disruption, poverty and overuse of eco-resources.Sea-level change and its impact on environment and wellbeing: the health of human, animals, mangrove vegetation, repeated storm and flood, inundation of salt water in agricultural field (high salinity), flood and destruction of life and property is a recurrent event.Land erosion and destruction of islands and internal and external migration and displacement of population.Climate change and its impact on agriculture, food production, eco-resources and health and emergence of vector-born and water-borne diseases. Cyclone related disaster and it's public/ animal (tiger) health effects on the environment and population health.","PeriodicalId":302903,"journal":{"name":"IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267)","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JMSS.V14.N2SP.P5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Wellbeing is a multidimensional practical concept that captures a mix of people’s life circumstances. Categorically wellbeing may be divided into three divisions: physical, mental and social wellbeing. As a construct, it may also be perceived as objective wellbeing (relates to material attributes like the amount of wealth, provision of education and health care and social infrastructure) and subjective wellbeing (how people think and feel about their quality of life). In both, the dimension Environment, more specifically the natural environment plays an important key role- both negative and positive. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), [1] postulates the ecosystem approach as a means of understanding the roles played by land, water and living resources of the environment (ecological resources) in the life of people as well as integrated management of cultural and biological diversity of the land and the people. Ecosystems are defined as the functional units that are in continual dynamic and complex interaction among plants, animals, water bodies, forest, climate and all other non-living issues in the environment. Ecosystem services are the benefits that people are supposed to or actually obtain from the ecosystem. These inter-phase interactional dynamics is the guiding principle of Ecopsychiatry - where environmental issues influence positively or negatively on the mental health of the people (individual) and the community (collective). Or in other words the impact of environmental specificity (of normal or abnormal state) on the mental health and wellbeing (as also physical and spiritual) of the community or individual. The following inter-connected Eco-psychiatric issues that negatively impacted human wellbeing (both physical and mental) are discussed:Anthropogenic factors and its impact on population density, land distribution, agricultural production, food insecurity and poverty.Attempts to enhance the crop production in a climatic uncertainty and saline field by pesticide over/incorrect -use - resultant in a high incidence of mortality and morbidity (accidental and deliberate self-harm/suicide) of human and pesticide contamination of the environment.Nutritional deficiency, animal health and livestock: salinization of water impacted the availability of freshwater fish species, and thus depriving the poor of their protein food source and adversely impacting the income and family integrity.Risk factors in human-animal conflicts (tiger/ crocodile/snake attacks) and resultant mortality and morbidity: forest exploration for livelihood measures (fishing, timber-honey-crab-collection) leading to death, family disruption, poverty and overuse of eco-resources.Sea-level change and its impact on environment and wellbeing: the health of human, animals, mangrove vegetation, repeated storm and flood, inundation of salt water in agricultural field (high salinity), flood and destruction of life and property is a recurrent event.Land erosion and destruction of islands and internal and external migration and displacement of population.Climate change and its impact on agriculture, food production, eco-resources and health and emergence of vector-born and water-borne diseases. Cyclone related disaster and it's public/ animal (tiger) health effects on the environment and population health.
幸福是一个多维度的实用概念,它捕捉了人们生活环境的混合。幸福可以分为三部分:身体健康、精神健康和社会健康。作为一种结构,它也可以被视为客观幸福(与财富数量、教育、医疗保健和社会基础设施等物质属性有关)和主观幸福(人们如何思考和感受自己的生活质量)。在这两个维度中,环境,更具体地说,自然环境起着重要的关键作用——无论是消极的还是积极的。《生物多样性公约》(Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD)[1]将生态系统方法作为理解土地、水和环境生物资源(生态资源)在人类生活中的作用,以及对土地和人的文化和生物多样性进行综合管理的一种手段。生态系统被定义为植物、动物、水体、森林、气候和环境中所有其他非生物问题之间持续动态和复杂相互作用的功能单元。生态系统服务是指人们应该或实际上从生态系统中获得的利益。这些阶段间相互作用的动态是生态精神病学的指导原则——环境问题对人们(个人)和社区(集体)的心理健康产生积极或消极的影响。或者换句话说,环境特异性(正常或异常状态)对社区或个人的心理健康和福祉(以及身体和精神)的影响。本文讨论了以下相互关联的负面影响人类身心健康的生态精神病学问题:人为因素及其对人口密度、土地分布、农业生产、粮食不安全和贫困的影响。试图在气候不确定和盐碱地通过过度/不正确使用农药来提高作物产量-导致人类和农药污染环境的高死亡率和发病率(意外和故意自残/自杀)。营养缺乏、动物健康和牲畜:水的盐碱化影响了淡水鱼种类的供应,从而剥夺了穷人的蛋白质食物来源,并对收入和家庭完整性产生不利影响。人兽冲突(老虎/鳄鱼/蛇袭击)及其造成的死亡率和发病率的危险因素:为生计措施(捕鱼、木材-蜂蜜-螃蟹采集)而进行森林勘探,导致死亡、家庭破裂、贫困和过度使用生态资源。海平面变化及其对环境和福祉的影响:人类、动物、红树林植被的健康、反复出现的风暴和洪水、农田盐水泛滥(高盐度)、洪水以及对生命和财产的破坏是经常发生的事件。土地侵蚀和岛屿破坏以及人口的内外移徙和流离失所。气候变化及其对农业、粮食生产、生态资源和健康的影响以及病媒和水媒疾病的出现。与飓风有关的灾害及其对环境和人口健康的公众/动物(老虎)健康影响。