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Determining the Pension Benefit Obligation of a Defined Benefit Plan: Applying a Multivariate ARIMA Stochastic Model 确定固定收益计划的养老金利益义务:应用多元ARIMA随机模型
Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v17.n4.p5
J. T. Query, Evaristo Diz
In this study we examine the robustness of fit for a multivariate and an autoregressive integrated moving average model to a data sample time series type.  The sample is a recurrent actuarial data set for a 10-year horizon.  We utilize this methodology to contrast with stochastic models to make projections beyond the data horizon. Our key results suggest that both types of models are useful for making predictions of actuarial liability levels given by PBO Projected Benefit Obligations on and off the horizon of the sample time series.  As we have seen in prior research, the use of multivariate models for control and auditing purposes is widely recommended.  Fast and reliable statistical estimates are desirable in all cases, whether for audit purposes or to verify and validate miscellaneous actuarial results.
在本研究中,我们检验了多变量和自回归综合移动平均模型对数据样本时间序列类型的拟合稳健性。样本是10年期的定期精算数据集。我们利用这种方法与随机模型进行对比,以做出超出数据范围的预测。我们的主要结果表明,这两种类型的模型都有助于在样本时间序列的范围内和范围外对PBO预计收益义务给出的精算负债水平进行预测。正如我们在先前的研究中所看到的,广泛推荐使用多变量模型进行控制和审计。在所有情况下,无论是为了审计目的还是为了核实和确认各种精算结果,都需要快速和可靠的统计估计。
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引用次数: 0
Public Capita and Growth: The Role of Institutions in Development 公共资本与增长:制度在发展中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v17.n4.p3
Fred Eka
This study analyzes the links between public capital and growth using an econometric model of simultaneous equations, estimated on a panel of forty-three developing countries over the period 2003-2020. This growth model explains the determinants of GDP and public and private capital stocks. The accumulation of public, private and human capital generates externalities that are sources of endogenous growth. However, the formation of public capital generated a crowding out effect, to the detriment of that of private capital, because of differentiated budgetary constraints. Our results show that several developing countries have moved away from an optimal structure for the growth of sharing of available capital between the public and private sectors. In doing so, are institutions a prerequisite for the economic development of African countries.
本研究利用联立方程的计量经济模型分析了公共资本与增长之间的联系,对43个发展中国家2003-2020年期间的面板进行了估计。这一增长模型解释了GDP以及公共和私人资本存量的决定因素。公共、私人和人力资本的积累会产生外部性,这些外部性是内生增长的来源。然而,由于预算限制的差异,公共资本的形成产生了挤出效应,损害了私人资本的挤出效应。我们的研究结果表明,一些发展中国家已经偏离了公共和私营部门之间现有资本分享增长的最佳结构。在这样做的过程中,体制是非洲国家经济发展的先决条件。
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引用次数: 0
Information Science: Fields and Technological Issues & Challenges in Developing & Developed Nations 信息科学:发展中国家和发达国家的领域和技术问题与挑战
Pub Date : 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v17.n4.p1
P. Paul, Sreeramana Aithal, R. Saavedra, K. Tiwary, B. Aremu, S. Mewada
Information is the power and Technology is the driving force for the development of all the facets. Information Science and Technology as a field of study and professional practice is therefore responsible for providing information and technology solutions to different organizations, institutions, sectors, fields, and even to individuals. Information Science and Technology is an emerging field and interdisciplinary in nature that has already been gathered from previous sources and chapters. Information Science and Technology is very diverse and treated in different perspectives viz. information, technological solutions, domain-specific solutions, and so on. Regarding the technologies, it also holds wider coverage in tools, techniques, systems, and technologies. Though Information Science and Technology is available with different names there are certain reasons for the development of each nomenclature/ subject. This paper has discussed the issues and suggestions regarding Information Science in its educational and technological context.
信息是动力,技术是推动各方面发展的动力。因此,信息科学与技术作为一个研究和专业实践领域,负责为不同的组织、机构、部门、领域甚至个人提供信息和技术解决方案。信息科学与技术是一个新兴领域和跨学科的性质,已经从以前的来源和章节收集。信息科学与技术是非常多样化的,可以从不同的角度来看待,即信息、技术解决方案、特定领域的解决方案等等。关于技术,它还在工具、技术、系统和技术方面有更广泛的覆盖。虽然信息科学与技术有不同的名称,但每个命名法/学科的发展都有一定的原因。本文讨论了信息科学教育与技术背景下的问题与建议。
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引用次数: 0
An Empirical Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic on Asset Market Responses in India 新冠肺炎疫情对印度资产市场反应的实证评估
Pub Date : 2021-11-28 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v17.n4.p2
Vikram Mohite, Vibha Bhandari
The study investigates the financial market’s response during the period of last nine months starting from the day when first COVID-19 case was confirmed in India. This paper attempts to gauge the impact of rise in COVID-19 confirmed number of cases on stock market as well as commodities market returns. A multi-model approach is used in the current research to assess the relationship between daily number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and movement of asset returns from January 2020 to September 2020. The findings reveal that though financial markets exhibited asymmetric volatility clustering, it could not be traced to COVID-19 pandemic for the period under study in India.
该研究调查了从印度确诊首例新冠肺炎患者开始的9个月内,金融市场的反应。本文试图衡量新冠肺炎确诊病例数上升对股市和大宗商品市场回报的影响。本研究采用多模型方法评估2020年1月至2020年9月每日新冠肺炎确诊病例数与资产收益流动之间的关系。研究结果显示,尽管金融市场表现出不对称波动聚类,但在印度研究期间,这种波动无法追溯到COVID-19大流行。
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引用次数: 0
Peace and Security Sustainability through Hostel Provision in Nigerian Universities: Lessons from Malaysia 尼日利亚大学宿舍供应中的和平与安全可持续性:来自马来西亚的经验
Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v17.n3.p2
I. Terwase, I. Bello, Jude Onyekachi Onwuanibe, Mohammed Abubakar Sambo
This research paper focused on the provision of students’ accommodation in the Nigerian universities through public-private partnership, drawing lessons from the Universiti Utara Malaysia. Hostel accommodation is a form of providing the students with an enabling environment where they can stay as a place of residence, will feel secured and comfortable to learn in a peaceful environment. The objective of this paper is to learn from the Malaysian environment, with a focus on the Universiti Utara Malaysia. The research work made use of the qualitative method through the conduct of interviews and other sources such as journals and online publications. Findings from the research reveal that the Universiti Utara Malaysia provides hostel accommodation which is more than enough to serve the university's capacity of 30,000 students’ population on campus through the public-private partnership scheme. The research also found that multinational companies like PETRONAS Oil Company, Proton automobile company, Malaysia Airline, and Maybank among other companies built hostel accommodation for the students. The Malaysian Government on the other hand through a public-private partnership provided infrastructural facilities such as constant electricity and water supply for the purpose of a conducive environment for learning. The work, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian Government can partner with the Malaysian Government through resolving the big problem of electricity supply in the country and on the Universities as well. The paper also recommends that the Nigerian Government should regulate the private companies in order to engage them in partnership development through the provision of adequate hostel accommodations for the students. This would enable peace and security sustainability on the campuses of the Nigerian universities with lessons from the Universiti Utara Malaysia.
本研究论文的重点是通过公私合作伙伴关系在尼日利亚大学提供学生住宿,借鉴马来西亚北方大学的经验教训。宿舍住宿是一种形式,为学生提供一个有利的环境,在那里他们可以作为一个居住的地方,在一个和平的环境中学习,会感到安全和舒适。本文的目的是学习马来西亚的环境,重点是马来西亚北方大学。研究工作通过访谈和其他来源(如期刊和在线出版物)使用了定性方法。研究结果显示,通过公私合作计划,马来西亚北方大学提供的宿舍住宿足以满足大学30,000名在校学生的需求。研究还发现,马来西亚国家石油公司、宝腾汽车公司、马来西亚航空公司和马来亚银行等跨国公司为学生建造了宿舍。另一方面,马来西亚政府通过公私伙伴关系提供基础设施,如持续供电和供水,以创造有利于学习的环境。因此,这项工作建议尼日利亚政府可以与马来西亚政府合作,解决该国和各大学的电力供应问题。该文件还建议尼日利亚政府应规范私营公司,以便通过为学生提供足够的宿舍住宿,使它们参与伙伴关系发展。这将使尼日利亚各大学校园的和平与安全具有可持续性,并借鉴马来西亚北方大学的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Consumer Purchasing Power on Buying Preferences in Shopping Malls in Kenya: A Case Study of Nakuru County 消费者购买力对肯尼亚购物中心购买偏好的影响——以纳库鲁县为例
Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.21013/JMSS.V17.N3.P1
Monicah Mugambi, R. Obuba
Many internal and external factors influence consumer decision-making when it comes to the purchase and use of various products and services. The attributes of the product itself, the brand, and the container in which it is encased is the most important and critical external variables. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey involving hotels, beauty parlours, electronics dealers, boutiques as well as entertainment outlets. The researcher targeted 305 business premises operating in 30 shopping malls from which a sample of 62 premises and 310 customers were sampled using stratification, Simple Random Sampling (SRS) and convenient sampling. The data was collected through the use of questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was employed and results were presented in tables and charts with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis purposes. The influence of consumer purchasing power on the preference of shopping malls was tested using regression, correlation and Chi-square methods at 5% levels of effect. From the study findings, the researcher establish that purchasing power, personal preference has been found to play an important role in influencing consumer’s preferences and bias towards shopping malls. An overwhelming number of the consumers recognized the importance of group influence on their choice of the shopping mall. This helped the researcher draw a conclusion and formulate recommendations informing policies and marketing strategies that are essential to marketers in the shopping malls and other related business facilities in line with consumer purchasing power.
当涉及到购买和使用各种产品和服务时,许多内部和外部因素影响消费者的决策。产品本身的属性,品牌和包装它的容器是最重要和关键的外部变量。这项研究采用了横断面调查,涉及酒店、美容院、电子产品经销商、精品店和娱乐场所。研究人员以30个购物中心的305个营业场所为对象,采用分层法、简单随机抽样法和方便抽样法,抽取了62个营业场所和310名顾客。数据是通过问卷调查收集的。采用描述性统计,并在社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)的帮助下以表格和图表的形式呈现结果,以进行分析。在5%的效应水平下,采用回归、相关和卡方方法检验消费者购买力对购物中心偏好的影响。从研究结果中,研究人员确定购买力,个人偏好在影响消费者对购物中心的偏好和偏见方面发挥了重要作用。绝大多数消费者认识到群体影响对他们选择购物中心的重要性。这有助于研究人员得出结论,并制定建议,告知政策和营销策略,这对商场和其他与消费者购买力相符的相关商业设施的营销人员至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Competitive Strategies of Tourism Industry in the Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case from Philippines 新冠肺炎疫情中旅游业竞争策略分析——以菲律宾为例
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.21013/JMSS.V17.N2.P7
Fhrizz S. De Jesus, Annalene Grace E. Co, Czarina P. Zolete
This study described the Analysis of Competitive Strategies and Challenges of Tourism Industry in the Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic and provide recommendations. Specifically, it looked into the challenges and recommendations of the owners of operational tourist spots in the selected municipalities in Nueva Ecija which are Bongabon and Laur and analyzed how comparative strategies contribute to the challenges and recommendations of the owners of operational tourist spots. This study used the descriptive-evaluative method and total enumeration for its sampling procedure. As to its findings, to improve the tourism operation of the respondents amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, the result shows that the respondents “always” used competitive strategies in their businesses. Based on the result, the focus-strategy which is one of the elements of comparative strategies was ranked number one, it means that the owners of operational tourism spots wanted to take all the challenges they were encountered amidst pandemic, it is not a barrier for them to stop their businesses that is why they want to know in a market due to their pleasing tourist spots compared to its competitors and they have recommendations on how to innovate and improve their operational tourist spots.
本研究描述了2019冠状病毒病大流行期间旅游业竞争战略和挑战的分析,并提出建议。具体来说,它调查了新埃西哈选定的两个城市,即邦加邦和劳尔的经营性旅游景点所有者的挑战和建议,并分析了比较策略如何有助于经营性旅游景点所有者的挑战和建议。本研究采用描述性评价法,抽样程序采用全枚举法。根据调查结果,为了在Covid-19大流行期间改善受访者的旅游运营,结果显示受访者“总是”在其业务中使用竞争策略。基于结果的集中战略比较策略的要素之一是排名第一,这意味着经营旅游景点的业主想把所有他们遇到的挑战在大流行,它不是一个障碍对他们停止他们的企业,他们想知道为什么在市场由于其令人愉快的旅游景点相比,它的竞争对手,他们建议如何创新和改善他们的经营旅游景点。
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引用次数: 0
An Evaluation of Adaptive Capability on Organizational Performance of Tier Two Commercial Banks in Kenya 肯尼亚二级商业银行组织绩效的适应能力评价
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.21013/JMSS.V17.N2.P6
Wambua Benjamin Mweu, Maria W. Mung’ara
Banking sector rivalry has escalated which can be attributed to many factors including innovation, new legislation, problems caused by a global financial crisis, government regulations, among others that have resulted in increased competition in the banking sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of adaptive capability on the organizational performance of tier two commercial banks in Kenya. The study found that the application of adaptive capabilities in commercial banks in Kenya is influenced by mainly customer demands, staff expertise and the prevailing market trends.  The study results show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Adaptive Capability and performance in tier two banks. The study concluded that adaptive capability has a positive and significant relationship with performance in tier two banks. The research findings recommended that the employees should be fully involved in the decision-making process so that they can own up to the strategies being formulated by the top management.
银行业的竞争已经升级,这可以归因于许多因素,包括创新,新的立法,全球金融危机造成的问题,政府监管,以及其他导致银行业竞争加剧的因素。本研究的目的是评估适应能力对肯尼亚二级商业银行组织绩效的影响。研究发现,肯尼亚商业银行适应性能力的应用主要受客户需求、员工专业知识和当前市场趋势的影响。研究结果表明,二级银行自适应能力与绩效之间存在显著正相关关系。研究发现,适应能力与二级银行绩效之间存在显著正相关关系。研究结果建议员工应该充分参与决策过程,这样他们就可以承认高层管理人员正在制定的战略。
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引用次数: 1
Relevance of Work-Life Balance in India – A Skeptical Analysis among Teaching Professionals 印度工作与生活平衡的相关性——对教学专业人员的怀疑分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-19 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v16.n2.p3
R. M.
A person has to balance the work and life in all walks of his life. Due to social change in the society, the type of households is changing from the joint family to nuclear family. The family, work, and society demand equal attention and obligation. The person has to balance the work to family interference and family to work interference. The work-life balance has been adopted by various corporate and organization. This paper reviews how various professionals manage work and life. Some factors influence the work-life balance in the day to day life. It is the greatest task for retaining the manpower in an institution. It is important to facilitate the employee to maintain a work-life balance. There are different kinds of professionals who face challenges in managing work-life balance. It is assumed that the teacher with more children finds difficulty in balancing work-life balance than the childless teacher. She may perceive a better work-life balance. The male teachers may experience a higher degree of burnt out than female teachers. These views helped the author to explore the factors involved in balancing work-life balance and to provide suggestions to manage the work-life. The author has taken up empirical study, this paper focuses on understanding the situation of teachers & faculties in terms of Work-life balance, Factor involved in work-life balance, and to provide suggestions to manage the work-life balance in the teaching profession.
一个人在生活的各个方面都要平衡好工作和生活。由于社会的变化,家庭的类型正在从联合家庭转变为核心家庭。家庭、工作和社会需要同等的关注和义务。个人必须平衡好工作对家庭的干扰和家庭对工作的干扰。工作与生活的平衡已经被许多公司和组织所采用。本文回顾了各种专业人士如何管理工作和生活。在日常生活中,有些因素会影响工作与生活的平衡。留住一个机构的人力是最大的任务。帮助员工保持工作与生活的平衡是很重要的。有不同类型的专业人士在管理工作与生活的平衡方面面临挑战。假设有更多孩子的老师比没有孩子的老师更难平衡工作和生活。她可能觉得工作与生活的平衡更好了。男性教师可能比女性教师经历更高程度的倦怠。这些观点有助于作者探讨平衡工作与生活的因素,并为管理工作与生活提供建议。本文采用实证研究的方法,重点了解教师在工作与生活平衡方面的状况,工作与生活平衡的影响因素,并为教师职业管理工作与生活平衡提供建议。
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引用次数: 0
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Major Media Reports about the Issue of the China-US Trade 中美贸易问题主要媒体报道的批评性话语分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.21013/jmss.v15.n5.p1
Wang Jiaying, Pan Cuiqiong
Nowadays, CDA is widely used in news discourse because it can help people understand the implicit viewpoints in news discourse and grasp the true situation of news reports. As the main form of news discourse, media reporting is good intertextuality for CDA. Therefore, this paper, based on the theory of CDA, tries to discuss the implication of major media reporting about the issue of the China-US trade, from which the genre of media reporting here is also analyzed.
批评性话语分析在新闻语篇中被广泛应用,因为它可以帮助人们理解新闻语篇中的隐含观点,把握新闻报道的真实情况。媒体报道作为新闻话语的主要形式,对批评性话语分析具有良好的互文性。因此,本文试图以批评性话语分析理论为基础,探讨主要媒体对中美贸易问题报道的意蕴,并以此为基础分析媒体报道的体裁。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267)
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