Luther’s Theologian of the Cross and Theologian of Glory Distinction Reconsidered

Abstract

This article argues that most of the contemporary appropriation of Martin Luther’s distinction between the theologian of the cross and the theologian of glory is mistaken, in five points: First, the distinction has a thin textual basis, found explicitly only a handful of times in Luther’s early writings. Second, recent scholarship and an examination of Luther’s wider writings call into question contemporary accounts as to what Luther meant by the distinction. Third, the theological tradition did not make use of this distinction until the 20th century. It would be a mistake, therefore, to demand that a distinction which was not popularly received until such a late time act as a normative framework. Fourth, when referring to God and His people, “glory” and “glorification” are useful biblical and theological terms, and this distinction casts these terms in a negative light. Fifth, a thorough-going theology of glory is crucial for Christian discipleship.