Application of Human Factors Analysis to Prioritize KNKT's Recommendations: A Case Study of Wamena Airport's Air Accidents

Abstract

Air accidents happened when all layers in Human Factor Analysis Classification System (HFACS) penetrated. The last layer Unsafe Act has defence failures of decision error, skill-based error, perceptual error, and violation (routine and exceptional). In this study Unsafe Act layers defence failures were taken from Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee/Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi (KNKT) narrative descriptions of five accidents in Wamena Airport. Human factor Intervention Matrix (HFIX) intervention strategies were taken from KNKT's recommendations of the accidents. Blocking the errors in the Unsafe Act layer will prevent accidents by doing GO AROUND of un-stabilized approach, pilots' GO AROUND hesitation is a question need answers in this study. The GO AROUND is the goal in the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) structure model and prioritizing recommendations using the AHP approach is the aim of the study. According to global weight value calculated, the first rank is technology/engineering intervention classification with 7.74%. The most related KNKT's recommendation with GO AROUND in this classification, is the airport has no Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) approach and GO AROUND procedure for narrow body aircraft/jet. If a flight is experiencing un-stabilized approach the pilots need to GO AROUND, and will be hard decision to make without guidance of GO AROUND procedure in Wamena airport which surrounded by mountains in IFR condition. Continue landing or GOING AROUND, both choices have possibility to lead in incidents or accidents. Mitigation if this first rank priority hasn't been installed, is the operation of narrow body jet in Wamena airport should be strictly limited by weather condition (only full Visual Flight Rule/VFR) and aircraft's performance. Operation's approval for narrow body jet should be clarified daily when all the requirements of safety can be met, or closure of airport should be done.