Knowledge, awareness and practice of hand hygiene among healthcare workers for the prevention of infection: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Hand hygiene protocols, if followed stringently reduce the possibility of the spread of infection from healthcare workers (HCWs) to patients, to almost 99%. However, in actual practice, compliance of these protocols is poor. Aims: (1) To observe the practice of hand hygiene among HCWs and (2) assess knowledge and awareness regarding hand hygiene protocol and identify the factors hampering its effective practice. Prospective observational study at an multispeciality hospital. Patients and Methods: Consultants, junior doctors, nursing in-charges and nurses and ancillary staff like ward attendants, ward secretaries, housekeeping staff and lift operators were (1) Observed during their hand hygiene practice and (2) 200 of these HCWs were provided a written questionnaire, in order to assess their depth of hand hygiene knowledge. Data were studied and analysed. Results: Female HCWs, right from consultants to ward attendants and ancillary workers showed better knowledge and compliance with hand hygiene practices. The junior nurses, interns and junior residents were more compliant with hand hygiene procedures in comparison to consultants and in-charge nurses. Hand hygiene compliance was poor in outpatient department, particularly on days with heavy workloads. Lack of knowledge regarding hand hygiene was observed amongst ancillary staff. Conclusions: The study emphasised stringent compliance and constant re-enforcement of protocol of correct hand hygiene practice amongst HCWs including ancillary staff.