Pengaruh Durasi Penggenangan Selama Fase Vegetatif Akhir Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum frutescens L ) Varietas Sonar

Abstract

Capsicum frutescens L merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi cabai rawit adalah faktor lingkungan antara lain cekaman genangan. Cekaman genangan terjadi akibat adanya curah hujan yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh durasi penggenangan terhadap pertumbuhan cabai rawit varietas Sonar pada fase vegatatif akhir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, durasi penggenangan 1, 3, dan 10 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari lima ulangan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah RAL dengan satu faktor yaitu durasi penggenangan. Analisis data setelah penggenangan menggunakan uji T taraf signifikansi 5% dan setelah fase pemulihan selama 30 hari menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA yang diteruskan ke uji LSD taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan data yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa setelah penggenangan terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan tanaman meliputi panjang akar, jumlah daun, ukuran daun, tinggi tanaman, dan adanya perubahan warna daun serta penurunan bobot segar tajuk dan bobot segar akar. Penggenangan juga memperpanjang fase vegatatif tanaman sehingga menunda terbentuknya tunas bunga. Pertumbuhan tanaman cabai masih dapat berlangsung setelah cekaman penggenangan durasi 1, 3 dan 10 hari. Setelah fase pemulihan, terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman. Capsicum frutescens L was a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia because it has high economic value. One of the obstacles in the production of cayenne pepper is environmental factors such as flooding stress. Flooding stress occurs due to high rainfall. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of flooding duration on the growth of Sonar cayenne pepper in the late vegetative phase. The study was conducted with four treatments, namely control, flooding duration 1, 3, and 10 days. Each treatment consisted of five replications. The research design used was RAL with one factor, namely the duration of flooding. Analysis of the data after flooding used the T-test with a significance level of 5% and after the recovery phase for 30 days used the one-way ANOVA test which was continued to the LSD test with a significance level of 5%. Based on the resulting data, it was shown that after flooding there was inhibition of plant growth including root length, number of leaves, leaf size, plant height, and changes in leaf color as well as a decrease in shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight. Flooding also prolongs the vegetative phase of the plant thereby delaying the formation of flower buds. Chili plant growth can still take place after flooding stress duration of 1, 3, and 10 days. After the recovery phase, there was an increase in plant growth.