Islamic Political Theory during the Abbasid Government and its Implications Toward Education

Abstract

. After the Prophet died, the succession of leadership was a difficult and tense political issue that was able to undermine the joints of the ummah that the Prophet had built firmly. This situation continues from generation to generation. Likewise with the political theory of the Abbasid era. The collapse and fall of the Umawiyah Daulah in 750 AD and the rise of the Abbasid Daulah were not only a change of dynasties but more than that, namely a change in social and ideological structures. The purpose of this study is to reveal the Islamic political theory of the Abbasid era in relation to the concept of education. The method of writing in this article is to use the library research method, which is carried out by studying the literature and writings that are closely related to the problems raised in this article's research. The Abbasid Daula was the longest dynasty that was able to maintain its power and bring Islam to its golden age. And this is inseparable from the role of a leader who is wise and fair to those he dreams of. And the basis of Abbasid power is religion and legal issues that do not differentiate all groups. For the Abbasids, science is very important for the progress of a country, especially concerning religious sciences and also other sciences such as linguistics and history, because scholars and scholars are born from a science. The collapse of the Abbasids resulted in Islamic education also experiencing a setback, among which setbacks were marked by the development of Sufi teachings, then a narrowing of the Islamic education curriculum which had an impact on intellectual development. On the other hand, intellectuals did not develop due to the paradigm among the Muslims at that time that the door to ijtihad had been closed.