{"title":"A MAGYARORSZÁGI ZÖLDSÉGHAJTATÁS SAJÁTOSSÁGAI ÉS A GEOTERMÁLIS ENERGIAFELHASZNÁLÁS JELENTŐSÉGE","authors":"I. Berczi, S. Németh","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.229334","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"A hajtatas szempontjabol Europaban ket fő iranyvonal a jellemző: az egyik az eszaki vagy holland rendszer, amely beruhazas-igenyes es jelentős az energiafelhasznalasa a termesztes soran, a masik pedig a deli vagy mediterran tipusu rendszer, amelyet alacsony beruhazasi koltseg es az eszakihoz kepest alacsonyabb energiafogyasztas jellemez. Magyarorszag az előbbi tipusba tartozik. A termesztestechnologia modernizacioja az egysegnyi teruletre juto hozamok javulasat eredmenyezte. A termesztő berendezes tipusa es eletkora meghatarozza a termeles szinvonalat. Magyarorszagon a zoldseghajtatas uveghazakban, illetve foliasatrakban tortenik. A klimatikus korulmenyek a paradicsom szamara uveghazban idealisak, mig a paprika foliasator alatt is sikeresen termeszthető. Nem csak Magyarorszagon, hanem Europaban is az a tendencia ervenyesul, hogy az uveghazas beruhazasok tobbnyire paradicsom termesztesere rendezkedtek be. A versenykepes zoldseghajtatas alapjat kepezi tobbek kozott a talaj nelkuli termesztes szeleskorű elterjedese, az integralt es biologiai novenyvedelem alkalmazasa, a fuggesztett csatornas rendszer kiepitese es a megujulo energiaforrasok felhasznalasa. Magyarorszagon a biomassza a meghatarozo megujulo energiaforras, de a kerteszet szamara kiemelkedő fontossagu a termalviz fűtes celu felhasznalasa. A fosszilis energiahordozokkal szemben a megujulo energiaforrasok alkalmazasaval a fűtesi koltseg nagyaranyu csokkentese erhető el a termesztő berendezesekben. A jelenleg is ervenyben levő jogszabalyok lehetőve teszik a termalviz fűtes celu kitermeleset annak visszasajtolasa nelkul. Igy a termelők jelentős beruhazasi tehertől mentesulnek. Cikkunkben szekunder forrasok felkutatasaval kiemelunk nehany, a hajtatasban fontos szerepet betoltő orszagot, tovabba jellemezzuk a hajtatasban elterjedt technologiai elemek alkalmazhatosagat. Kiterunk a mezőgazdasagi foglalkoztatasra, kulonos figyelmet forditva a szezonalis munkaerő kerdeskorre a kerteszetben. Elemezzuk a geotermikus energia kerteszeti celu felhasznalasanak lehetősegeit, jovőbeni kilatasait. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Europe can be divided in two groups separate trends in regard of the greenhouses: one is the northern or Dutch system with high investments and high energy consumption during the production period, the other is the southern or Mediterranean system with low investment costs and lower energy consumptions (compared to the northern system). Hungary is mostly using the first type of greenhouses. The yield per hectare is increasing with the modernization of the production technology. The type and age of the production equipment has a great influence on the production quality. Greenhouse production of vegetables is mostly done in glasshouses and polytunnels in Hungary. The climate conditions are ideal for the production of tomatoes in glasshouses, while pepper can also be produced successfully under polytunnel. It is not only a Hungarian, but a European trend that glasshouses are mostly used for the production of tomatoes. The competitive production of vegetables is based among others on the soilless production method, the usage of integrated and biological plant protection, the development of hydroponic system and the utilization of renewable energy sources. The most important renewable energy source in Hungary is biomass, but the utilization of thermal waters for heating is of key importance for Hungarian horticultures. Compared to fossil fuels, the usage of renewable energy sources can achieve important reduction of the heating costs in greenhouses. The current legislation permits the usage of thermal water for heating without requiring producers to reinjection it, which means that producers can avoid significant financial investments. Based on seconder sources, we will highlight in our article some countries with an important role in greenhouses, and characterize the usability of the technological elements used in greenhouses. We will discuss the agricultural employment, focusing on the seasonal labour in the horticulture. We will also analyses the possibilities of the usage and future of geothermal energies in the horticultural sector.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.229334","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A hajtatas szempontjabol Europaban ket fő iranyvonal a jellemző: az egyik az eszaki vagy holland rendszer, amely beruhazas-igenyes es jelentős az energiafelhasznalasa a termesztes soran, a masik pedig a deli vagy mediterran tipusu rendszer, amelyet alacsony beruhazasi koltseg es az eszakihoz kepest alacsonyabb energiafogyasztas jellemez. Magyarorszag az előbbi tipusba tartozik. A termesztestechnologia modernizacioja az egysegnyi teruletre juto hozamok javulasat eredmenyezte. A termesztő berendezes tipusa es eletkora meghatarozza a termeles szinvonalat. Magyarorszagon a zoldseghajtatas uveghazakban, illetve foliasatrakban tortenik. A klimatikus korulmenyek a paradicsom szamara uveghazban idealisak, mig a paprika foliasator alatt is sikeresen termeszthető. Nem csak Magyarorszagon, hanem Europaban is az a tendencia ervenyesul, hogy az uveghazas beruhazasok tobbnyire paradicsom termesztesere rendezkedtek be. A versenykepes zoldseghajtatas alapjat kepezi tobbek kozott a talaj nelkuli termesztes szeleskorű elterjedese, az integralt es biologiai novenyvedelem alkalmazasa, a fuggesztett csatornas rendszer kiepitese es a megujulo energiaforrasok felhasznalasa. Magyarorszagon a biomassza a meghatarozo megujulo energiaforras, de a kerteszet szamara kiemelkedő fontossagu a termalviz fűtes celu felhasznalasa. A fosszilis energiahordozokkal szemben a megujulo energiaforrasok alkalmazasaval a fűtesi koltseg nagyaranyu csokkentese erhető el a termesztő berendezesekben. A jelenleg is ervenyben levő jogszabalyok lehetőve teszik a termalviz fűtes celu kitermeleset annak visszasajtolasa nelkul. Igy a termelők jelentős beruhazasi tehertől mentesulnek. Cikkunkben szekunder forrasok felkutatasaval kiemelunk nehany, a hajtatasban fontos szerepet betoltő orszagot, tovabba jellemezzuk a hajtatasban elterjedt technologiai elemek alkalmazhatosagat. Kiterunk a mezőgazdasagi foglalkoztatasra, kulonos figyelmet forditva a szezonalis munkaerő kerdeskorre a kerteszetben. Elemezzuk a geotermikus energia kerteszeti celu felhasznalasanak lehetősegeit, jovőbeni kilatasait. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Europe can be divided in two groups separate trends in regard of the greenhouses: one is the northern or Dutch system with high investments and high energy consumption during the production period, the other is the southern or Mediterranean system with low investment costs and lower energy consumptions (compared to the northern system). Hungary is mostly using the first type of greenhouses. The yield per hectare is increasing with the modernization of the production technology. The type and age of the production equipment has a great influence on the production quality. Greenhouse production of vegetables is mostly done in glasshouses and polytunnels in Hungary. The climate conditions are ideal for the production of tomatoes in glasshouses, while pepper can also be produced successfully under polytunnel. It is not only a Hungarian, but a European trend that glasshouses are mostly used for the production of tomatoes. The competitive production of vegetables is based among others on the soilless production method, the usage of integrated and biological plant protection, the development of hydroponic system and the utilization of renewable energy sources. The most important renewable energy source in Hungary is biomass, but the utilization of thermal waters for heating is of key importance for Hungarian horticultures. Compared to fossil fuels, the usage of renewable energy sources can achieve important reduction of the heating costs in greenhouses. The current legislation permits the usage of thermal water for heating without requiring producers to reinjection it, which means that producers can avoid significant financial investments. Based on seconder sources, we will highlight in our article some countries with an important role in greenhouses, and characterize the usability of the technological elements used in greenhouses. We will discuss the agricultural employment, focusing on the seasonal labour in the horticulture. We will also analyses the possibilities of the usage and future of geothermal energies in the horticultural sector.