The world population is increasing by 81 million every year and people need more agricultural production to avoid hunger. Despite modern farming methods, where advanced technologies and new production systems such as soilless agriculture are applied, production seems far from meeting the nutritional needs of people today or in the future. Although phytopathogens, insects and weeds, which cause significant yield and quality losses in agricultural products, are struggled today, it is estimated that the total loss of crops is 36.5% in the world every year due to these pests. Plant protection practices (cultural measures, physical control, legal measures, biological control, chemical control, alternative control) are carried out against pests in order to prevent product yield and quality losses in agriculture. Among these applications, chemical control is the most effective control method against pests, the results of which can be seen in a short time. However, especially in conventional agriculture, irregular and intensive pesticide applications made to protect yield and quality with economic concerns cause environmental pollution and deterioration in soil, water resources and troposphere ecosystems. In this review, the effects of plant protection practices on non-target organisms in different ecosystems are presented.
{"title":"Plant Protection Practises and Their Impact on Environment","authors":"I. Yildirim","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.3399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3399","url":null,"abstract":"The world population is increasing by 81 million every year and people need more agricultural production to avoid hunger. Despite modern farming methods, where advanced technologies and new production systems such as soilless agriculture are applied, production seems far from meeting the nutritional needs of people today or in the future. Although phytopathogens, insects and weeds, which cause significant yield and quality losses in agricultural products, are struggled today, it is estimated that the total loss of crops is 36.5% in the world every year due to these pests. Plant protection practices (cultural measures, physical control, legal measures, biological control, chemical control, alternative control) are carried out against pests in order to prevent product yield and quality losses in agriculture. Among these applications, chemical control is the most effective control method against pests, the results of which can be seen in a short time. However, especially in conventional agriculture, irregular and intensive pesticide applications made to protect yield and quality with economic concerns cause environmental pollution and deterioration in soil, water resources and troposphere ecosystems. In this review, the effects of plant protection practices on non-target organisms in different ecosystems are presented.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129102665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study aimed at to test the effects of two different plant conditioners on some morphological parameters, yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Babona) in a field experiment with medium plots, and to investigate some physiological parameters closely related to yield quantity and quality at the beginning of ear emergence by in vivo field measurements. At the beginning of ear emergence we determined the relative chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD value), moreover leaf reflectance was measured with a portable spectroradiometer to produce spectral vegetation indices that can be used to evaluate the effects of treatments on chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and water content of leaves, and to infer photochemical efficiency and stress sensitivity. The results were strongly influenced by the unfavourable rainfall distribution during the growing season. Precipitation deficit in spring significantly reduced the development of the crop stand (yield was below the national and county levels), and its effect was also observable in quality parameters (low raw protein and gluten content), but the positive effect of treatment 1 was detectable: higher yield and quality, higher plant height and ear length compared to the control. At the beginning of ear emergence, some spectral vegetation indices indicated the positive effect of treatment 1 despite the drought: chlorophyll content and photochemical activity of leaves were higher, and higher stress sensitivity and protective pigment concentration in the control.
{"title":"Investigation of the Physiological Effects of Plant Conditioners in Field Experiments of Winter Wheat","authors":"R. Tury, S. Z. Tóth, É. Lehoczky, R. Laposi","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.4489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4489","url":null,"abstract":"Our study aimed at to test the effects of two different plant conditioners on some morphological parameters, yield and grain quality of winter wheat (Babona) in a field experiment with medium plots, and to investigate some physiological parameters closely related to yield quantity and quality at the beginning of ear emergence by in vivo field measurements. At the beginning of ear emergence we determined the relative chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD value), moreover leaf reflectance was measured with a portable spectroradiometer to produce spectral vegetation indices that can be used to evaluate the effects of treatments on chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and water content of leaves, and to infer photochemical efficiency and stress sensitivity. The results were strongly influenced by the unfavourable rainfall distribution during the growing season. Precipitation deficit in spring significantly reduced the development of the crop stand (yield was below the national and county levels), and its effect was also observable in quality parameters (low raw protein and gluten content), but the positive effect of treatment 1 was detectable: higher yield and quality, higher plant height and ear length compared to the control. At the beginning of ear emergence, some spectral vegetation indices indicated the positive effect of treatment 1 despite the drought: chlorophyll content and photochemical activity of leaves were higher, and higher stress sensitivity and protective pigment concentration in the control.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116914342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Szalóki, Á. Székely, N. Valkovszki, Á. Tarnawa, M. Jancsó
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloid that can enter the food chain through ingestion of As contaminated water or food, posing a serious threat to human health. Among cereals, rice could contain the highest amount of As because of the special growing conditions. Therefore, the importance of the reduction of As concentration in rice is essential. Many studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism of arsenic uptake, accumulation and translocation. The interactions between As and plants are influenced by soil type and other factors such as pH, mineral contents and redox status of the soil, As speciation, and microbial activity. Different nutrients including phosphates, iron, silicon and sulfur effectively regulate the uptake and accumulation of As in different parts of plants. Genetic variation has also effect on As accumulation of rice grain. Water management practices can help to decrease As content of rice plants due to changing the redox status of the soil. Phosphate and silicon transporters can be used by As to enter the rice root cells, therefore detoxification mechanisms of As in rice greatly depend on the activity of these transporters. In this review, we covered the main factors that affect the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of As in different plant organs in rice. We investigated the different soil factors and plant cell transporters needed to understand the mechanisms. This study may be useful for further research to develop strategies that inhibit As entry and transport in plant cells and contribute to safe food production.
{"title":"Strategies for Reducing Arsenic Content in Rice: A review","authors":"T. Szalóki, Á. Székely, N. Valkovszki, Á. Tarnawa, M. Jancsó","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.4492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4492","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloid that can enter the food chain through ingestion of As contaminated water or food, posing a serious threat to human health. Among cereals, rice could contain the highest amount of As because of the special growing conditions. Therefore, the importance of the reduction of As concentration in rice is essential. Many studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism of arsenic uptake, accumulation and translocation. The interactions between As and plants are influenced by soil type and other factors such as pH, mineral contents and redox status of the soil, As speciation, and microbial activity. Different nutrients including phosphates, iron, silicon and sulfur effectively regulate the uptake and accumulation of As in different parts of plants. Genetic variation has also effect on As accumulation of rice grain. Water management practices can help to decrease As content of rice plants due to changing the redox status of the soil. Phosphate and silicon transporters can be used by As to enter the rice root cells, therefore detoxification mechanisms of As in rice greatly depend on the activity of these transporters. In this review, we covered the main factors that affect the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of As in different plant organs in rice. We investigated the different soil factors and plant cell transporters needed to understand the mechanisms. This study may be useful for further research to develop strategies that inhibit As entry and transport in plant cells and contribute to safe food production.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"42 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113990855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haimei Chen, L. Kardos, Márta Gyeviki, K. Hrotkó, Veronika Szabó, Magdolna Sütöriné-Diószegi
Urban green infrastructure planning plays an important role in aspects of pollution reduction, such as heavy metal trapping. However, the reduction effects are both influenced by the different pollution conditions in each city and the species-specific interaction of trees and pollution. Herein, we investigated three common urban woody plants (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L. Westhof’s Glorie, and Tilia tomentosa Moench) in Budapest to compare their heavy metal trapping abilities from the airborne in leaf dust deposits and leaves. All samples were deconstructed by a wet digestion method. Four high traffic-related heavy metal elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) were determined by using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The investigated results showed that the relevant concentration of all measured elements was constant in all species, namely Zn < Cu < Pb < Ni. Although the total heavy metal content in the dust deposit increased towards the end of one vegetation period, the highest percentage of total metal concentration was in the summer season as the particulate matter sources varied in each season. These indicate that woody plants are ideal candidates for pollution monitoring. All of the evaluated elements were loaded highest in the dust deposit of T. tomentosa during all sampling times, followed by A. platanoides, and the least in F. excelsior. A significant correlation between metal contents in the dust deposit and leaf was found in T. tomentosa (0.926 at a p<0.01 level). Therefore, we suggest T. tomentosa, which has better atmospheric trace element capturing capacity than A. platanoides and F. excelsior and thus it is a better option for pollution reduction in the urban area.
{"title":"Evaluating the Capability of Woody Plants to Capture Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Budapest","authors":"Haimei Chen, L. Kardos, Márta Gyeviki, K. Hrotkó, Veronika Szabó, Magdolna Sütöriné-Diószegi","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.3359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3359","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green infrastructure planning plays an important role in aspects of pollution reduction, such as heavy metal trapping. However, the reduction effects are both influenced by the different pollution conditions in each city and the species-specific interaction of trees and pollution. Herein, we investigated three common urban woody plants (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L. Westhof’s Glorie, and Tilia tomentosa Moench) in Budapest to compare their heavy metal trapping abilities from the airborne in leaf dust deposits and leaves. All samples were deconstructed by a wet digestion method. Four high traffic-related heavy metal elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) were determined by using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The investigated results showed that the relevant concentration of all measured elements was constant in all species, namely Zn < Cu < Pb < Ni. Although the total heavy metal content in the dust deposit increased towards the end of one vegetation period, the highest percentage of total metal concentration was in the summer season as the particulate matter sources varied in each season. These indicate that woody plants are ideal candidates for pollution monitoring. All of the evaluated elements were loaded highest in the dust deposit of T. tomentosa during all sampling times, followed by A. platanoides, and the least in F. excelsior. A significant correlation between metal contents in the dust deposit and leaf was found in T. tomentosa (0.926 at a p<0.01 level). Therefore, we suggest T. tomentosa, which has better atmospheric trace element capturing capacity than A. platanoides and F. excelsior and thus it is a better option for pollution reduction in the urban area.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124413306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Velicevici, E. Madoșă, E. Oproi, O. Iordănescu, Petre Dragomir
Abiotic stress caused by salinity soil affects the development and plant growth, seed production and quality in a negative way. Salinity is an important factor influencing the quality of water. Saline stress causes negative reactions in plants both morphologically, biochemically and physiologically. The chlorophyll content is an important indicator of photosynthetic capacity of plants. Amount of chlorophyll is very influenced by nutrients reserve and by environment stress. Salinity in soil occurs as a result of the factors such as improper irrigation, lack of drainage, excessive accumulation of soluble salts. The research aims to study the behavior of an assortement of wheat varieties in terms of variability in salinity tolerance. To this end, an indirect test method for salinity tolerance, based on the determination of the influence of saline stress on chlorophyll accumulation, was pursued. Determination of chlorophyll content was performed at 7, 14, 21 days after saline stress induction. The duration of stress had the highest contribution (41.72%) to the variability of the chlorophyll content, followed by the saline (10.88%) and the varieties 7.63% respectively. At the level of the whole experiment it is observed that the chlorophyll content decreased progressively as saline stress prolongation. The change in the concentration from 200 to 240 Mm showed the highest influence on this property, materialized by a significant decrease in photosynthetic capacity. A good way to understand the plant photosynthetic regime is to determine the chlorophyll content as an indirect method. A selection criterion in screening for salt tolerance can be considered the physiological features that are positively associated with production under conditions of saline stress.
{"title":"The Effect of Salinity on the Chlorophyll Content of Wheat","authors":"G. Velicevici, E. Madoșă, E. Oproi, O. Iordănescu, Petre Dragomir","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.4490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4490","url":null,"abstract":"Abiotic stress caused by salinity soil affects the development and plant growth, seed production and quality in a negative way. Salinity is an important factor influencing the quality of water. Saline stress causes negative reactions in plants both morphologically, biochemically and physiologically. The chlorophyll content is an important indicator of photosynthetic capacity of plants. Amount of chlorophyll is very influenced by nutrients reserve and by environment stress. Salinity in soil occurs as a result of the factors such as improper irrigation, lack of drainage, excessive accumulation of soluble salts. The research aims to study the behavior of an assortement of wheat varieties in terms of variability in salinity tolerance. To this end, an indirect test method for salinity tolerance, based on the determination of the influence of saline stress on chlorophyll accumulation, was pursued. Determination of chlorophyll content was performed at 7, 14, 21 days after saline stress induction. The duration of stress had the highest contribution (41.72%) to the variability of the chlorophyll content, followed by the saline (10.88%) and the varieties 7.63% respectively. At the level of the whole experiment it is observed that the chlorophyll content decreased progressively as saline stress prolongation. The change in the concentration from 200 to 240 Mm showed the highest influence on this property, materialized by a significant decrease in photosynthetic capacity. A good way to understand the plant photosynthetic regime is to determine the chlorophyll content as an indirect method. A selection criterion in screening for salt tolerance can be considered the physiological features that are positively associated with production under conditions of saline stress.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131159730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review article the available information on the wing dimorphism/polymorphism occurring at non-phytophagous Heteroptera is reviewed from a functional viewpoint. This meant practically the information about the wing dimorphism/polymorphism of the superfamily Gerroidea, as hardly anything has been published on this theme of other non-phytophagous Heteroptera. Seasonal and concurrent wing dimorphism/polymorphism are treated and discussed separately. Heritability and phenotypical plasticity of the wing form, and the effects of different modifying environmental factors are briefly reviewed and discussed. The superior reproductive ability of the non-macropterous form is well documented at female gerroid bugs; there are less available data on the males. The seasonal wing polymorphism directed by photoperiod and affected by temperature is usually well adapted to the current environmental conditions. The effects of the population density and that of the food quantity and quality on wing form of the gerroid bugs have not been well understood yet; and it is arguable, whether the macropterous/non macropterous ratio of the natural gerroid populations corresponds to the temporal stability of their actual habitats in an adaptive way. Wing dimorphism/polymorphism has to be evaluated within the wider concept of dispersal polymorphism, which includes other related phenomena like wing muscle polymorphism and behavioural differences.
{"title":"Wing Dimorphism/polymorphism in True Bugs (Heteroptera) From a Functional Viewpoint: A review","authors":"Z. Gidó","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.4491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4491","url":null,"abstract":"In this review article the available information on the wing dimorphism/polymorphism occurring at non-phytophagous Heteroptera is reviewed from a functional viewpoint. This meant practically the information about the wing dimorphism/polymorphism of the superfamily Gerroidea, as hardly anything has been published on this theme of other non-phytophagous Heteroptera. Seasonal and concurrent wing dimorphism/polymorphism are treated and discussed separately. Heritability and phenotypical plasticity of the wing form, and the effects of different modifying environmental factors are briefly reviewed and discussed. The superior reproductive ability of the non-macropterous form is well documented at female gerroid bugs; there are less available data on the males. The seasonal wing polymorphism directed by photoperiod and affected by temperature is usually well adapted to the current environmental conditions. The effects of the population density and that of the food quantity and quality on wing form of the gerroid bugs have not been well understood yet; and it is arguable, whether the macropterous/non macropterous ratio of the natural gerroid populations corresponds to the temporal stability of their actual habitats in an adaptive way. Wing dimorphism/polymorphism has to be evaluated within the wider concept of dispersal polymorphism, which includes other related phenomena like wing muscle polymorphism and behavioural differences.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128568092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Applying the comparative method, we applied microwave and convective heat treatment on water samples from surface water. By determining microbiological parameters, we searched for detectable deviations in any parameter beyond the effect of heat treatments. The effect of heat treatments was detectable in all cases, but the thermal effects were the same regardless of the method of heat treatment, at a frequency of 2450MHz and a power of 900W. We observed microbiological characteristics that may not only change with thermal effects. Highlighting that, our research is based on the exact same treatment time and applied temperature. The microbiological characteristics of the microwave-heat-treated samples showed no deviation as those of the convectively heat-treated samples; this was checked by two-sample t-test at a significance level of p<0.05.
{"title":"The Microbiological Characteristics of the Microwave-treated Samples and the Convection-heat-treated Samples Shows No Deviation in Case of Surface Water Treatment","authors":"András Barczi, Anett Lippai","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.4570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.4570","url":null,"abstract":"Applying the comparative method, we applied microwave and convective heat treatment on water samples from surface water. By determining microbiological parameters, we searched for detectable deviations in any parameter beyond the effect of heat treatments. The effect of heat treatments was detectable in all cases, but the thermal effects were the same regardless of the method of heat treatment, at a frequency of 2450MHz and a power of 900W. We observed microbiological characteristics that may not only change with thermal effects. Highlighting that, our research is based on the exact same treatment time and applied temperature. The microbiological characteristics of the microwave-heat-treated samples showed no deviation as those of the convectively heat-treated samples; this was checked by two-sample t-test at a significance level of p<0.05.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130942433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxwell Modiba Maimela, Mohamed Ibrahim Hanaa Tharwat, B. Simon, Igor Dekemati
To study the effect of different mulching levels on the physical and biological properties of the soil. A field experiment was conducted in Gödöllő Szárítópuszta of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences experimental farm (Pest county). The experiment was laid down in a random block design with five treatments, namely M0%= control, M25%= 25%, M50%= 50%, M75%= 75%, and M100%= 100% level of mulch cover. Soil moisture content (SMC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and earthworm abundance were measured. SMC, SPR and earthworm abundance were taken at 15-day intervals unless the weather prevented sampling. The experiment was set up from May 2019 until September 2019. The statistical data was carried out using one-way variance analysis with Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) multiple comparisons post hoc tests. The significance level used in the statistical studies was 5%. Mulch treatments improved water significantly in the first two months (June and July) of crop growth at 10 and 20 cm, however, moisture was not conserved for too long. Mulch treatment did not affect penetration resistance in all treatments. SPR was high after July in all the treatments due to low SMC. The measured SPR reached 5.3 MPa in August in M25%. The highest earthworm abundance was measured at M100% in August while the lowest was measured in control treatments. The grain yield was highest at M50% (1704 kg/ha) compared to the control. Mulch treatments were assessed based on factors such as soil moisture content, biological activity and penetration resistance and mulch was partially found to be advantageous.
{"title":"The Effect of Mulching on the Biological and Physical Properties of Soil in Maize","authors":"Maxwell Modiba Maimela, Mohamed Ibrahim Hanaa Tharwat, B. Simon, Igor Dekemati","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.3561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3561","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect of different mulching levels on the physical and biological properties of the soil. A field experiment was conducted in Gödöllő Szárítópuszta of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences experimental farm (Pest county). The experiment was laid down in a random block design with five treatments, namely M0%= control, M25%= 25%, M50%= 50%, M75%= 75%, and M100%= 100% level of mulch cover. Soil moisture content (SMC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and earthworm abundance were measured. SMC, SPR and earthworm abundance were taken at 15-day intervals unless the weather prevented sampling. The experiment was set up from May 2019 until September 2019. The statistical data was carried out using one-way variance analysis with Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) multiple comparisons post hoc tests. The significance level used in the statistical studies was 5%. Mulch treatments improved water significantly in the first two months (June and July) of crop growth at 10 and 20 cm, however, moisture was not conserved for too long. Mulch treatment did not affect penetration resistance in all treatments. SPR was high after July in all the treatments due to low SMC. The measured SPR reached 5.3 MPa in August in M25%. The highest earthworm abundance was measured at M100% in August while the lowest was measured in control treatments. The grain yield was highest at M50% (1704 kg/ha) compared to the control. Mulch treatments were assessed based on factors such as soil moisture content, biological activity and penetration resistance and mulch was partially found to be advantageous.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115222525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A történelmi borvidékek szőlőültetvényeinek jelentős hányada talajeróziónak kitett területeken helyezkedik el. Ezen területek a változó klimatikus adottságok következtében az előrejelzések szerint, mind ritkább azonban intenzívebb csapadék eseményeknek vannak és lesznek kitéve, így a megfelelő talajtakarási mód megválasztása kulcsfontosságú. Ezen eljárások jelentős hatással vannak a talaj tulajdonságaira, mint a talajéletre, biológiai aktivitására vagy fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságaira és ezáltal az ezekkel erős kapcsolatban álló makro-aggregátumstabilitási értékekre, amely kulcsfontosságú a jó talajszerkezet, a vízbefogadás növelése és az erózió mértékének csökkentése szempontjából. Vizsgálatunk során egy a Badacsony hegy déli oldalán elhelyezkedő, több mint 15 éves tartamkísérlet különböző talajborítottságú kezeléseinek (Facélia, Pillangós keverék, Festuca félék, Természetes vegetáció, Takarás, Búza, Mechanikus, Tritikálé) a makro-aggregátumstabilitását nedves szitás módszerrel vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink alapján a legjobb eredményt, legnagyobb aggregátumstabilitási értékeket a mulcsos takarásos eljárás eredményezte.
{"title":"Különböző talajtakarás kezelések hatása eróziónak kitett szőlőültetvények talajfizikai paramétereire","authors":"B. Kovács, Zóra Nagy, A. Dunai, Zsolt Kotroczó","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.3562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3562","url":null,"abstract":"A történelmi borvidékek szőlőültetvényeinek jelentős hányada talajeróziónak kitett területeken helyezkedik el. Ezen területek a változó klimatikus adottságok következtében az előrejelzések szerint, mind ritkább azonban intenzívebb csapadék eseményeknek vannak és lesznek kitéve, így a megfelelő talajtakarási mód megválasztása kulcsfontosságú. Ezen eljárások jelentős hatással vannak a talaj tulajdonságaira, mint a talajéletre, biológiai aktivitására vagy fizikai és kémiai tulajdonságaira és ezáltal az ezekkel erős kapcsolatban álló makro-aggregátumstabilitási értékekre, amely kulcsfontosságú a jó talajszerkezet, a vízbefogadás növelése és az erózió mértékének csökkentése szempontjából. Vizsgálatunk során egy a Badacsony hegy déli oldalán elhelyezkedő, több mint 15 éves tartamkísérlet különböző talajborítottságú kezeléseinek (Facélia, Pillangós keverék, Festuca félék, Természetes vegetáció, Takarás, Búza, Mechanikus, Tritikálé) a makro-aggregátumstabilitását nedves szitás módszerrel vizsgáltuk. Eredményeink alapján a legjobb eredményt, legnagyobb aggregátumstabilitási értékeket a mulcsos takarásos eljárás eredményezte.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128883768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nándor Prettl, Borbála Biró, Priyo Adi Nugroho, Katalin Juhos
A labilis szén (LOC) tartalom, az active szén (POXC=permanganát oxidálható szén) mérése a talajok mikrobiális aktivitásának a kimutatását szolgáló módszer. Célja a növények és a mikroorganizmusok számára is elérhető széntartalom megállapítása. Az LOC a szerves anyagok egy kis- és könnyen oxidálható része, a mikrobiális biomassza és a szénhidrát molekulák szén-tartalmának a mérésével, érzékenyebb a talajon végzett beavatkozásokra a teljes vagy összes szerves szén-tartalommal (TOC) összehasonlítva. Méréséinket tenyészedényes és szabadföldi kísérletekben végeztük, egy savanyú kémhatású gyenge P-ellátottságú és alacsony szervesanyag tartalmú agyagbemosódásos barna erdőtalajon (pH=4,9; Humusz=1.64 %; felvehető P2O5=66 mg kg-1), valamint egy semleges kémhatású magas P és szervesanyag tartalmú típusos réti talajon (pH=6.75; Humusz=2.53 %; felvehető P2O5=303 mg kg-1), kukorica (Zea mays) tesztnövénnyel. Vizsgálataink alapján a talajok LOC-tartalma jól szemlélteti a talajtípusok közötti különbséget, összefüggésben az eltérő kémhatású és szervesanyag tartalmú talajok biológiai aktivitásával. A talaj kémhatásának CaO kezeléssel való javítása hatással van a biológiai aktivitás, így a labilis szén-tartalom növekedésére is. Tenyészedényes kísérletben kereskedelmi mikrobiális oltóanyagok (Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus circulans, B. megaterium, Funneliformis-, Claroideoglomus- és Rhizophagus sp.) hatását az LOC-tartalom növekedése mindkét talajtípuson jelezni tudta. Szabadföldi körülmények között azonban nem találtunk különbséget az oltóanyagok hatására, mivel az LOC jellegzetes időbeli változását a talaj nedvességtartalma és a talajszerkezet időbeli – pl. vetés utáni – változásai is befolyásolni képesek.
可变碳（LOC）、活性碳（POXC = 高锰酸盐可氧化碳）的测量是检测土壤中微生物活动的一种方法。其目的是确定植物和微生物可利用的碳含量。LOC 可测量有机物、微生物生物量和碳水化合物分子中一小部分易氧化的碳含量，与总有机碳（TOC）相比，它对土壤改良剂更为敏感。我们的测量是在培养皿和田间试验中进行的，实验对象是酸性、贫磷、有机质含量低的棕色森林土壤，即棕色森林粘壤土分解土（pH=4.9；腐殖质=1.64 %；可利用 P2O5=66 mg kg-1）和中性化学性质的高 P 和有机质类型草甸土壤（pH=6.75；腐殖质=2.53 %；可利用 P2O5=303 mg kg-1）上进行的玉米（玉米）试验作物。土壤中的 LOC 含量说明了不同类型土壤在不同化学性质和有机质含量的土壤生物活性方面的差异。通过 CaO 处理改善土壤化学性质对提高生物活性（包括可溶性碳含量）有影响。在培养皿实验中，商业微生物接种剂（假单胞菌、绿球菌、环状芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、Funneliformis、Claroideoglomus 和 Rhizophagus sp.）的效果表现在两种土壤中的 LOC 含量都有所增加。然而，在田间条件下，没有发现接种剂的影响有差异，因为 LOC 的特征性时间变化会受到土壤含水量和土壤结构的时间变化（如播种后）的影响。
{"title":"Labilis szén, mint a talajbiológiai aktivitás indikátora mikrobiális oltóanyagok és Ca-tartalmú talajjavító alkalmazásánál","authors":"Nándor Prettl, Borbála Biró, Priyo Adi Nugroho, Katalin Juhos","doi":"10.33038/jcegi.3559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3559","url":null,"abstract":"A labilis szén (LOC) tartalom, az active szén (POXC=permanganát oxidálható szén) mérése a talajok mikrobiális aktivitásának a kimutatását szolgáló módszer. Célja a növények és a mikroorganizmusok számára is elérhető széntartalom megállapítása. Az LOC a szerves anyagok egy kis- és könnyen oxidálható része, a mikrobiális biomassza és a szénhidrát molekulák szén-tartalmának a mérésével, érzékenyebb a talajon végzett beavatkozásokra a teljes vagy összes szerves szén-tartalommal (TOC) összehasonlítva. Méréséinket tenyészedényes és szabadföldi kísérletekben végeztük, egy savanyú kémhatású gyenge P-ellátottságú és alacsony szervesanyag tartalmú agyagbemosódásos barna erdőtalajon (pH=4,9; Humusz=1.64 %; felvehető P2O5=66 mg kg-1), valamint egy semleges kémhatású magas P és szervesanyag tartalmú típusos réti talajon (pH=6.75; Humusz=2.53 %; felvehető P2O5=303 mg kg-1), kukorica (Zea mays) tesztnövénnyel. Vizsgálataink alapján a talajok LOC-tartalma jól szemlélteti a talajtípusok közötti különbséget, összefüggésben az eltérő kémhatású és szervesanyag tartalmú talajok biológiai aktivitásával. A talaj kémhatásának CaO kezeléssel való javítása hatással van a biológiai aktivitás, így a labilis szén-tartalom növekedésére is. Tenyészedényes kísérletben kereskedelmi mikrobiális oltóanyagok (Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus circulans, B. megaterium, Funneliformis-, Claroideoglomus- és Rhizophagus sp.) hatását az LOC-tartalom növekedése mindkét talajtípuson jelezni tudta. Szabadföldi körülmények között azonban nem találtunk különbséget az oltóanyagok hatására, mivel az LOC jellegzetes időbeli változását a talaj nedvességtartalma és a talajszerkezet időbeli – pl. vetés utáni – változásai is befolyásolni képesek.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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