Historical Epistemological Cycles of the Relationship Between Science and Philosophy

Abstract

The close connection of philosophy with science and vice versa, of science with philosophy, makes necessary a brief analysis for the creation of epistemology as a special discipline of philosophy. The importance of this analysis is related to a number of reasons. On the one hand, because it has a long way to go as a separate discipline and that, in a way, even though it has clearly defined its field, and inherited many aspects of philosophy over the centuries. On the other hand, it appears to briefly show the complexity of knowledge, its flows and sources, as well as epistemological features. Therefore, in the following, the historical aspect as well as the establishment of epistemology as a philosophical discipline starts from the origin to the rationalist theories in epistemology. The common denominator of epistemological theories is that they all without exception derive from the history of the development of science, a history which serves to build relevant theories that cover the entire development of science, and at the same time explain that in terms of how the activity scientific should be developed in different researches. The purpose of this paper is to present the specific perspectives of each of the approaches, be they epistemological or scientific. Also, what features do they consider characteristic during the scientific development of science and how do they think that scientific research should be carried out as an activity of scientists.     Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023