CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE (ON THE MATERIALS OF UDMURTIA)

Abstract

The influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of production activities in agriculture is shown on the example of Udmurtia. The patterns of changes in the main climatic factors affecting the yield of grain crops, such as the amount of precipitation and the temperature regime of the air during the growing season of plants and the associated generalizing hydrothermal coefficient for the period from 1951 to 2020, are revealed. During the study period, precipitation determined changes in grain yields by an average of 19.3 %, and the average air temperature - by 14.1 %. At the same time, it is precisely the conditions of plant growth in the month of June that have the most significant influence, when the indicators under consideration determine more than 18 % of the yield of grain crops. At the same time, the share of influence of the factors under consideration varied significantly over ten-year periods: from 3.4 % (2001-2010) to 60.8 % (1971-1980). The results of a statistical assessment of the degree of influence of environmental factors on the yield of grain crops in Udmurtia are presented. The trend of a relative decrease in the impact of climate on the efficiency of agricultural production over the past half century has been revealed. The significance of climate variations in different regions of Udmurtia is proved, which affects the efficiency of agricultural production. Agro-climatic zoning of the region's territory is proposed using the cluster analysis method and the results of this zoning are shown.