Nature, Freedom, History

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Abstract

Post-Kantian philosophers historicize the world soul, reconceiving it as an implicitly rational, progressive, yet impersonal agency, at work throughout nature as a formative principle, more especially, however, in the progressive liberation and self-determination of spirit in human history. This chapter outlines the concept’s career in the thought of Kant, Maimon, Schelling, and Hegel, focusing especially on the overlapping functions they accord to the world soul. On the one side, it serves to mediate within nature between the opposing spheres of mechanism and organic life; on the other, between those of unconscious currents of historical development and self-consciously free human action. In thus tasking the world soul with mediating between nature and the history of human freedom, German idealists are faithful to their Platonic source of inspiration, even as they refashion the concept in a distinctively modern, post-Enlightenment spirit.
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自然,自由,历史
后康德哲学家将世界灵魂历史化,认为它是一种隐含的理性、进步的、非个人的力量,作为一种形成原则在整个自然中发挥作用,尤其是在人类历史上精神的进步解放和自决中。本章概述了这一概念在康德、麦门、谢林和黑格尔思想中的发展历程,特别关注他们赋予世界灵魂的重叠功能。一方面,它在自然界中充当机械和有机生命这两个对立领域之间的中介;另一方面,在历史发展的无意识潮流和自觉自由的人的行动之间。在这样的任务中,世界灵魂在自然和人类自由的历史之间进行调解,德国理想主义者忠实于他们柏拉图式的灵感来源,即使他们以一种独特的现代,后启蒙精神重新塑造了这个概念。
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