I. Salem, Alaa Wagih Abdulqader, M. Ismaeel, Maad M. Mijwil
{"title":"A Survey: The Role of Research and Development in Securing the Effective Transfer of Technology","authors":"I. Salem, Alaa Wagih Abdulqader, M. Ismaeel, Maad M. Mijwil","doi":"10.33329/jaus.2019.n26.2.76","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The investment and progress made in the transfer of technology by the Gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries to industrialize their countries are briefly reviewed. About 31.42 billion US$ was spent between, and 2005 to 2015 establish over 3280 industrial operating plants. Manufacturing industry and other sectors contribution to national income has increased significantly. However, serious difficulties and obstacles still face the GCC industry, and these are specified and reported. The status and level of expenditure of R & D were low, and the present R & D system is deficient. These might have been partly responsible for the above industrial problems. Arab countries spent 0.76 % of their GNP on R & D in 1989 compared to 2.92 % of GNP by developed countries. The expenditure on R & D is increased by 10 % for the same period. Examples of indigenous R & D showed success in achieving innovative technologies because the environment for R & D was right. Some corrective measures to present R & D systems are recommended.","PeriodicalId":228559,"journal":{"name":"AUS Journal","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AUS Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.33329/jaus.2019.n26.2.76","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The investment and progress made in the transfer of technology by the Gulf cooperation council (GCC) countries to industrialize their countries are briefly reviewed. About 31.42 billion US$ was spent between, and 2005 to 2015 establish over 3280 industrial operating plants. Manufacturing industry and other sectors contribution to national income has increased significantly. However, serious difficulties and obstacles still face the GCC industry, and these are specified and reported. The status and level of expenditure of R & D were low, and the present R & D system is deficient. These might have been partly responsible for the above industrial problems. Arab countries spent 0.76 % of their GNP on R & D in 1989 compared to 2.92 % of GNP by developed countries. The expenditure on R & D is increased by 10 % for the same period. Examples of indigenous R & D showed success in achieving innovative technologies because the environment for R & D was right. Some corrective measures to present R & D systems are recommended.
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