Thirty years of relations between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Serbia: Changing political and international dynamics

Karol Bieniek
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Abstract

Bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and the individual successor states of former Yugoslavia differ, after thirty years since its dissolution, in form and in substance. While just after the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Turkey managed to establish and sustain cordial ties with such countries as, for instance, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, relations with Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro) remained tense and the two countries perceived themselves, in the best case, as traditional opponents. The basic aim of this paper is to analyse the bilateral relations of these two states and Turkish foreign policy towards Serbia, a country currently perceived as a ‘neighbour,’ despite the fact that they do not share common border. The paper argues that rapprochement of two countries, so clearly visible in several dimensions after 2002, marks a new phase in Turkey’s general foreign policy. The paper will trace the thirty-year evolution of bilateral contacts while arguing that the current positive relations have their source also in the domestic arena, both of Turkey and Serbia, which is willing to increase influence in the Western Balkans and institutionalise her international position. Thus, the two states for the first time share similar foreign policy goals. The whole analysis is theoretically anchored in the behavioural approach of the ‘middle power‘ paradigm. An author-applied qualitative content analysis is the main research technique. The main sources are official documents, selected monographs, academic articles, and analytical reports.
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土耳其共和国和塞尔维亚共和国三十年的关系:不断变化的政治和国际动态
土耳其共和国与前南斯拉夫各继承国之间的双边关系在前南斯拉夫解体三十年后,在形式和实质上都有所不同。虽然在南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国刚刚解体之后,土耳其设法同诸如马其顿、波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那等国建立和维持了友好关系,但它同塞尔维亚(塞尔维亚和黑山)的关系仍然紧张,这两个国家认为自己在最好的情况下是传统的对手。本文的基本目的是分析这两个国家的双边关系和土耳其对塞尔维亚的外交政策,塞尔维亚目前被视为“邻国”,尽管他们没有共同的边界。文章认为,2002年后两国在多个方面的友好关系标志着土耳其总体外交政策进入了一个新阶段。本文将追溯两国30年来双边接触的演变,同时认为当前的积极关系也有其国内的根源,土耳其和塞尔维亚都愿意增加在西巴尔干地区的影响力,并将其国际地位制度化。因此,两国首次拥有相似的外交政策目标。整个分析在理论上是以“中等强国”范式的行为方法为基础的。作者应用的定性内容分析是主要的研究方法。主要来源是官方文件、精选专著、学术文章和分析报告。
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