Drinking water quality and handling practices among women in rural households of Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria

E. Oloruntoba, D. Olannye
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases associated with inadequate supply of potable water are the leading causes of mortality among children under five years in developing countries. In Nigeria, women are the water managers in most households. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of women’s handling practices on drinking water quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the drinking water quality and handling practices among women in selected rural households in Oshimili North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Paired drinking water samples from available sources and Household Storage Containers (HSC) were assessed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters using standard methods. The data obtained were compared with the WHO guideline limits. Water samples with 0, 1-10, 11-50 and > 50 E. coli/100 mL were graded as A, B, C, and D corresponding to excellent, acceptable, unacceptable, and grossly polluted quality, respectively. Pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents. A 30-point scale was used to assess water handling practices. Handling practice scores greater or equal to mean handling practice score were grouped into good and those less than that were grouped into bad handling practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA at α = 0.05. The results showed physico-chemical parameters for both sources and households within WHO guideline limits. The mean total coliform counts for all sources and household containers exceeded permissible limits. E. coli  was not detected in harvested rain water while counts for borehole was 10.2 ±2.2 (A) and for stream sources was 44.6±33.3 EC/100 mL (B); drinking water stored in HSC had 36.8±32.3 (A) EC/100 mL, borehole had 62.31±33.2 (C) and stream had 30.00±33.2 (B). Mean handling practice score was 19.4+6.6. Majority (60.0%) practiced some water handling technique. Drinking water from assessed sources was of poor microbial quality and it significantly deteriorated when stored in household storage containers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the microbial quality of drinking water at sources and household level through the supply of simple, acceptable, low-cost treatment methods and hygiene education.
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尼日利亚三角洲州Oshimili北部地方政府地区农村家庭妇女的饮用水质量和处理做法
与饮用水供应不足有关的腹泻病是发展中国家五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。在尼日利亚,妇女是大多数家庭的水管理人员。但是,缺乏关于妇女处理做法对饮用水质量的影响的资料。因此,本研究旨在评估尼日利亚三角洲州Oshimili北部地方政府地区选定农村家庭妇女的饮用水质量和处理方法。采用标准方法对可获得水源和家用储存容器(HSC)的成对饮用水样品进行理化和细菌学参数评估。将获得的数据与世卫组织指导限值进行比较。大肠杆菌含量为0、1-10、11-50和> 50 /100 mL的水样分别被分为A、B、C、D,分别为优良、可接受、不可接受和严重污染。采用预先测试的半结构化访谈者管理问卷从受访者中获取信息。采用30分制评估水处理做法。处理实践得分大于或等于平均处理实践得分被分为良好和那些低于分组为不良处理实践。数据分析采用描述性统计和单因素方差分析,α = 0.05。结果表明,污染源和家庭的理化参数均在世卫组织指导限值内。所有污染源和家用容器的平均大肠菌群总数均超过允许限度。收集的雨水中未检出大肠杆菌,而钻孔的计数为10.2±2.2 (A),溪流源的计数为44.6±33.3 EC/100 mL (B);储存在HSC中的饮用水为36.8±32.3 (A) EC/100 mL,钻孔为62.31±33.2 (C),溪流为30.00±33.2 (B),平均处理实践得分为19.4+6.6。大多数(60.0%)练习过一些水处理技术。经评估来源的饮用水微生物质量较差,在家用储存容器中储存时,水质明显恶化。因此,有必要通过提供简单、可接受、低成本的处理方法和卫生教育,在源头和家庭一级改善饮用水的微生物质量。
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