Alternativa biotecnológica contra el cáncer: Parasporinas de Bacillus thuringiensis

Yajaira Hernandez-Salas, Fernando Hernandez-Teran, Nagamani Balaguramy, Norma De La Fuente-Salcido
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Abstract

Currently, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The latest reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) of 2018 show alarming figures that indicate 18.1 million new cases and recorded 9.6 million deaths from cancer, with a 5-year prevalence of 43.8 million patients. The low efficiency of conventional cancer treatments has generated scientific research focused on identifying new products with specificity to efficiently treat this disease. Various bacterial metabolites such as parasporins (PS), cytotoxic proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), have been successfully applied against different cancer cell lines in the past 19 years. Therefore, it is important in this work to contextualize cancer as a global health problem, and briefly mention the conventional treatments used. The most relevant investigations to isolate Bt strains producing PS are described, as well as the classification, production and purification of these metabolites. Finally, the nature of the high cytotoxicity of the 19 PS reported to date is mentioned, emphasizing the feasibility of its application as an alternative high-cytotoxicity cancer therapy, and with great potential to treat various types of cancer.
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抗癌的生物技术替代品:苏云金芽孢杆菌副孢素
目前,癌症是世界范围内死亡的主要原因之一。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)2018年的最新报告显示,令人震惊的数字表明,癌症新发病例为1810万,死亡人数为960万,5年患病率为4380万。传统癌症治疗的低效率促使科学研究集中于寻找具有特异性的新产品来有效治疗这种疾病。19年来,苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)的胞毒蛋白、副孢素(parasporins, PS)等多种细菌代谢产物已被成功应用于不同的肿瘤细胞系。因此,在这项工作中,重要的是将癌症作为一个全球性的健康问题,并简要地提到所使用的传统治疗方法。本文描述了分离产生PS的Bt菌株的最相关研究,以及这些代谢物的分类、生产和纯化。最后,对目前报道的19种PS的高细胞毒性性质进行了综述,强调了其作为高细胞毒性癌症替代疗法的可行性,在治疗各类癌症方面具有很大的潜力。
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