Assessment of Proportion of Radiologically Confirmed Osteoporosis Cases among the Suspected Cases of Female: An Institutional Based Study

Abstract

Background: Preventing osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Thus, the present study is designed to assess and compare the risk factors of osteoporosis among women as to prevent osteoporosis, a multi factorial disease, resides not only in recognizing its risk factors, but also in identifying potentially modifiable determinants of bone mineral density (BMD), the surrogate measure for osteoporosis. Subjects and Methods: The present prospective observational analytical study was commenced among 350 females aged between 30-65years who were referred to the Radio diagnosis department as suspected cases of osteoporosis from various outpatient departments. Women in sample after DEXA scan were categorized in two groups; group A comprised women those having normal BMD, considered as control group and group B comprised women with low BMD either osteopenia or osteoporosis included in this group. Datawas collected according to the recommendations of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.The data collected was compiled, tabulated, analyzed and subjected to Pearson Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Results: While osteoporosis was found to be significantly higher in Low class women (p<0.07) followed by Middle class and upper socioeconomic status. A significant difference was observed between rural and urban people (p<0.01). Women with moderate and low physical activity were significantly at higher risk of osteoporosis. A highly significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of weight, age, BMI, Waist circumference, Hip circumference, BMD lumbar spine, Lumbar Spine T score, Lumbar spine Z score, Femur neck BMD, Femur neck T score & Femur neck Z score whereas there was no significant difference in terms of Height. Conclusion: Within the limits of our study we conclude that osteoporosis is one of the growing concern and need immediate care. The lack of information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis among women is an important problem. Our results highlight the importance of knowledge regarding the risk factors like age, menopausal status, physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, geographical location, weight, BMI etc. There is the need for more effective education for the community and medical practitioners for the clinical significance of osteoporotic fractures and its risk factors.